Is the Zero-Wait Policy Always Optimum for Information Freshness (Peak Age) or Throughput? (2019)
Journal Article
Barakat, B., Keates, S., Wassell, I., & Arshad, K. (2019). Is the Zero-Wait Policy Always Optimum for Information Freshness (Peak Age) or Throughput?. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(6), 987-990. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2907935

The Zero-Wait (ZW) policy is widely held to achieve maximum information 'freshness', i.e., to achieve minimum Peak Age (PA) and maximum throughput, for real-time Internet-of-Things applications. In this paper, it was shown through a series of experim... Read More about Is the Zero-Wait Policy Always Optimum for Information Freshness (Peak Age) or Throughput?.

Reliability of manual assessments in determining the types of vegetation on railway tracks (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Nyberg, R. G., Yella, S., Gupta, N. K., & Dougherty, M. (2015, November). Reliability of manual assessments in determining the types of vegetation on railway tracks. Presented at Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2015, Miami, FL, USA

Current day vegetation assessments within railway maintenance are (to a large extent) carried out manually. This study has investigated the reliability of such manual assessments by taking three non-domain experts into account. Thirty-five track imag... Read More about Reliability of manual assessments in determining the types of vegetation on railway tracks.

Inter-rater reliability in determining the types of vegetation on railway trackbeds (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Nyberg, R. G., Yella, S., Gupta, N. K., & Dougherty, M. (2015, November). Inter-rater reliability in determining the types of vegetation on railway trackbeds. Presented at International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer International Publishing

Vegetation growing on railway trackbeds and embankments can present several potential problems. Consequently, such vegetation is controlled through various maintenance procedures. In order to investigate the extent of maintenance needed, one of the f... Read More about Inter-rater reliability in determining the types of vegetation on railway trackbeds.

An evolutionary approach for symmetrical field programmable gate array placement. (2005)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Yang, M., Almaini, A. E. A., Wang, L. Y., & Wang, P. (2005, July). An evolutionary approach for symmetrical field programmable gate array placement. Presented at Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics,

An evolutionary computation method is used to place a set of different Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC) benchmark circuits on traditional symmetrical Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The experimental results are compared to the s... Read More about An evolutionary approach for symmetrical field programmable gate array placement..

A novel low power FSM partition approach and its implementation. (2005)
Journal Article
Xia, Y., Ye, X., Wang, L. Y., Tao, J., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2005). A novel low power FSM partition approach and its implementation. NORCHIP Conference, 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1109/NORCHP.2005.1596999

A new Finite State Machine (FSM) partioning approach is proposed in this paper. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search the optimal or near optimal solution. A new cost function is used to guide the optimisation. The proposed algorithm is impl... Read More about A novel low power FSM partition approach and its implementation..

Fast tabular based conversion methods for Canonical OR-Coincidence. (2005)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Yang, M., Wang, P., Chen, X., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2005, November). Fast tabular based conversion methods for Canonical OR-Coincidence

Two fast conversion alogorithms based on tabular technique for Canonical OR-Coincidence (COC) expansions are introduced. By using bitwise operations, the Serial Tabular Technique (STT) can achieve speed of less than 2 seconds for 21 variables for ran... Read More about Fast tabular based conversion methods for Canonical OR-Coincidence..

Novel synthesis method of mixed polarity reed-muller functions. (2005)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Xia, Y., Ye, X., Wang, L. Y., Zou, Z., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2005, October). Novel synthesis method of mixed polarity reed-muller functions. Presented at Third IASTED International Conference on Circuits, Signals and Systems, CSS 2005

In this paper a new approach is proposed to obtain a compact mixed polarity Reed-Muller form, starting from a fixed polarity Reed-Muller expression; a fixed polarity Reed-Muller function is expressed into a truth vector, the truth vector is shrunk an... Read More about Novel synthesis method of mixed polarity reed-muller functions..

FPGA placement using genetic algorithm with simulated annealing. (2005)
Journal Article
Yang, M., Almaini, A. E. A., Wang, L. Y., & Wang, P. (2005). FPGA placement using genetic algorithm with simulated annealing. ASICON, 2, 808-811. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASIC.2005.1611450

A mixed Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (GASA) algorithm is used for the placement of symmetrical FPGA. The prpoposed algortithm includes 2 stage processes. In the first stage process it optimizes placement solutions globally using GA. In t... Read More about FPGA placement using genetic algorithm with simulated annealing..

A novel multiple-valued CMOS flip-flop employing multiple-valued clock. (2005)
Journal Article
Xia, Y., Wang, L. Y., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2005). A novel multiple-valued CMOS flip-flop employing multiple-valued clock. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 20, 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-005-0237-4

A new CMOS quaternary D flip-flop is implemented employing a multiple-valued clock. PSpice simulation shows that the proposed flip-flop has correct operation. Compared with traditional multiple-valued flip-flops, the proposed multiple-valued CMOS fli... Read More about A novel multiple-valued CMOS flip-flop employing multiple-valued clock..

Expansion of logical function in the OR-coincidence system and the transform between it and maxterm expansion. (2003)
Journal Article
Cheng, J., Chen, X., Faraj, K., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2003). Expansion of logical function in the OR-coincidence system and the transform between it and maxterm expansion. IEE proceedings. Computers and digital techniques, 150, 397-402. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt%3A20030969

Based on the features of coincidence operation, a canonical OR coincidence (COC) expansion of logical functions in the OR-coincidence algebraic system is proposed, and its mapping expression (dj-map) is given. Then two new operations are introduced a... Read More about Expansion of logical function in the OR-coincidence system and the transform between it and maxterm expansion..

Power minimization of FPRM functions based on polarity conversion (2003)
Journal Article
Xia, Y., Wu, X., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2003). Power minimization of FPRM functions based on polarity conversion. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 18(3), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02948902

For an n-variable Boolean function, there are 2[to the nth power] fixed polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) forms. In this paper, a frame of power dissipation estimation for FPRM functions is presented and the polarity conversion is introduced to minimize th... Read More about Power minimization of FPRM functions based on polarity conversion.

Area and power optimization of FPRM function based circuits. (2003)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Xia, Y., Ali, B., & Almaini, A. E. A. (2003, May). Area and power optimization of FPRM function based circuits. Presented at 2003 IEEE INternational Symposium on Circuits and Systems

In this paper a frame of power dissipation estimation for FPRM function based circuits is presented and polarity conversion is proposed to optimize power and area for FPRM functions. Based on searching optimized polarity, an optimized algotithm is pr... Read More about Area and power optimization of FPRM function based circuits..

Designing for inclusivity: Assessing the accessibility of everyday products (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cardoso, C., Keates, S., & Clarkson, P. J. (2002, March). Designing for inclusivity: Assessing the accessibility of everyday products. Presented at CWUAAT '02, 1st Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT '02), Cambridge, UK

The older adult population in most developed countries is growing slowly, but continuously (Laslett, 1996). Several functional changes occur with age which may result in a decrease of perceptual, cognitive and motor skills (Smith et al., 2000). In sp... Read More about Designing for inclusivity: Assessing the accessibility of everyday products.

Inclusive design diagnosis based on the ONS scales? (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Dong, H., Keates, S., & Clarkson, P. J. (2002, March). Inclusive design diagnosis based on the ONS scales?. Presented at 1st Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT '02), Cambridge, UK

Designing for a wider range of population has recently been propagated by new design philosophies and approaches such as Universal Design, Design for All and Inclusive Design. Compared with the other two approaches, Inclusive Design approach seems to... Read More about Inclusive design diagnosis based on the ONS scales?.

Proceedings of CWUAAT '02, 1st Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT), incorporating 4th Cambridge Workshop on Rehabilitation Robotics (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
(2002, March). Proceedings of CWUAAT '02, 1st Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT), incorporating 4th Cambridge Workshop on Rehabilitation Robotics. Presented at CWUAAT '02, 1st Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT), incorporating 4th Cambridge Workshop on Rehabilitation Robotics, Cambridge, UK

No abstract available.

Countering Design Exclusion (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Keates, S., & Clarkson, P. J. (2002, March). Countering Design Exclusion. Presented at Cambridge workshop on UA and AT ’02, Cambridge, UK

Conventional product interfaces present serious difficulties to users with functional impairments. Conditions causing such impairments can occur throughout the life course, affecting all age groups. Certain symptoms, such as reduced hearing, appear w... Read More about Countering Design Exclusion.

Cursor characterisation and haptic interfaces for motion-impaired users (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Hwang, F., Langdon, P., Keates, S., Clarkson, P. J., & Robinson, P. (2002, March). Cursor characterisation and haptic interfaces for motion-impaired users. Presented at Cambridge workshop on UA and AT ’02, Cambridge, UK

For people with functional impairments, independent control of a computer is often an important part of everyday life. However, in order to be of benefit, computer systems must be accessible. For people with motion-impairments, the keyboard, mouse an... Read More about Cursor characterisation and haptic interfaces for motion-impaired users.

Defining Design Exclusion (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Keates, S., & Clarkson, P. J. (2002, March). Defining Design Exclusion. Presented at Cambridge workshop on UA and AT ’02, Cambridge, UK

It is known that many products are not accessible to large sections of the population. Designers instinctively focus on providing the necessary utility for someone with physical and skill capabilities similar to their own (Cooper, 1999), unless speci... Read More about Defining Design Exclusion.

Minimising exclusion by design (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Clarkson, P. J., Keates, S., & Langdon, P. (2002, December). Minimising exclusion by design. Presented at Engineering Design Conference 2002, London, UK

No abstract available.

Inclusive design: Reflections on design practice (2002)
Preprint / Working Paper
Dong, H., Cardoso, C., Cassim, J., Keates, S., & Clarkson, P. J. Inclusive design: Reflections on design practice

To investigate the practice of inclusive design in an industrial context and to gain an insight into the industrial perspectives, eight UK design consultancies' participation of the DBA design Challenges were reviewed through formal interviews. It is... Read More about Inclusive design: Reflections on design practice.