The Communities of Practice model for understanding digital engagement by hyperlocal elected representatives (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cruickshank, P., & Ryan, B. (2016, September). The Communities of Practice model for understanding digital engagement by hyperlocal elected representatives. Presented at IFIP EGOV and ePart 2015, Thessalonki, Greece

There has been much research into citizens’ engagement with their representatives. This paper offers an approach to understanding sustained take-up of internet technologies by these representatives in a (hyperlocal) democratic context using Community... Read More about The Communities of Practice model for understanding digital engagement by hyperlocal elected representatives.

Disconnected Democracy? A Survey of Scottish Community Councils' Online Presences (2014)
Journal Article
Cruickshank, P., Ryan, B., & Smith, C. (2014). Disconnected Democracy? A Survey of Scottish Community Councils' Online Presences. Scottish Affairs, 23(4), 486-507. https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2014.0045

Community Councils are the bottom rung of Scotland’s democracy ladder, having few – but highly significant – statutory consultative duties (especially with regard to planning) and no service-delivery duties. Generally they have failed to live up to e... Read More about Disconnected Democracy? A Survey of Scottish Community Councils' Online Presences.

The emergent ICT culture of Parliamentarians (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Smith, C. F., & Webster, W. (2007, September). The emergent ICT culture of Parliamentarians. Paper presented at XXIth meeting of the Permanent Study Group on E-Government (Information and Communications Technologies in Public Administration), European Group of Public Administration Annual Conference

Technologies such as the web and email have been seen to offer new capabilities through which traditional representative arrangements can be reinvigorated and renewed. This paper explores the ways in which information and communications technologies... Read More about The emergent ICT culture of Parliamentarians.

Members of the Scottish Parliament on the net. (2004)
Journal Article
Smith, C. F., & Webster, C. W. R. (2004). Members of the Scottish Parliament on the net. Information Polity, 9, 67-80

Telematics and the Scottish Parliament: transferable democratic innovations (1998)
Report
Burt, E., Smith, C. F., Webster, W., & McGourty, J. (1998). Telematics and the Scottish Parliament: transferable democratic innovations