Test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the urogenital distress inventory and the incontinence impact questionnaire (2002)
Journal Article
Hagen, S., Hanley, J., & Capewell, A. (2002). Test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the urogenital distress inventory and the incontinence impact questionnaire. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 21(6), 534-539. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.10075

Aims.
To evaluate two quality of life measures for urinary incontinence (UI) in Scottish females.

Methods.
Three groups with UI from two regions in Scotland were studied. Two groups were receiving treatment for incontinence; the third was not... Read More about Test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the urogenital distress inventory and the incontinence impact questionnaire.

Validity study of the severity index, a simple measure of urinary incontinence in women (2001)
Journal Article
Hanley, J., Capewell, A., & Hagen, S. (2001). Validity study of the severity index, a simple measure of urinary incontinence in women. BMJ, 322(7294), 1096-1097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1096

A severity index that diagnoses urinary incontinence as slight, moderate, or severe appears to be effective, according to a study of 237 women. The index is based on how frequently the woman experiences incontinence and how much urine is lost.

Balance in cluster randomised trials. (2001)
Journal Article
Raab, G., & Butcher, I. (2001). Balance in cluster randomised trials. Statistics in Medicine, 20, 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0258%2820010215%2920%3A33.0.CO%3B2-C

This paper explores the role of balancing covariates between treatment groups in the design of cluster randomized trials. General expressions are obtained for two criteria to evaluate designs for parallel group studies with two treatments. The first... Read More about Balance in cluster randomised trials..