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Outputs (88)

Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights (2023)
Journal Article
Widodo, A. F., Chen, C., Chan, C., Saleh, W., Wiratama, B. S., & Pai, C. (2023). Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights. BMC Public Health, 23(1), Article 2205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17083-8

Background: Studies from Finland and Taiwan have shown that walking against traffic was beneficial for reducing pedestrian crashes and fatalities. This study examined whether such beneficial effects are consistent across various circumstances. Method... Read More about Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights.

Hyperparameter Optimization Based Deep Belief Network for Clean Buses Using Solar Energy Model (2023)
Journal Article
Justin, S., Saleh, W., Al Ghamdi, T., & Shermina, J. (2023). Hyperparameter Optimization Based Deep Belief Network for Clean Buses Using Solar Energy Model. Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, 37(1), 1091-1109. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.03

Renewable energy has become a solution to the world’s energy concerns in recent years. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is the fastest technique to convert solar radiation into electricity. Solar-powered buses, metros, and cars use PV technology. Such te... Read More about Hyperparameter Optimization Based Deep Belief Network for Clean Buses Using Solar Energy Model.

Analysis of Attitudes towards Food Waste in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Fuzzy Logic (2023)
Journal Article
Malibari, A., Alsawah, G., Saleh, W., & Lashin, M. M. A. (2023). Analysis of Attitudes towards Food Waste in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Fuzzy Logic. Sustainability, 15(4), Article 3668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043668

Attitudes and feelings towards food waste and positions on management policies have been vastly increased over the past few decades. Most of the available research on the analysis of attitudes towards food waste have been carried out using convention... Read More about Analysis of Attitudes towards Food Waste in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Fuzzy Logic.

Unhelmeted Riding, Drunk Riding, and Unlicensed Riding among Motorcyclists: A Population Study in Taiwan during 2011–2016 (2023)
Journal Article
Liu, Y., Wiratama, B. S., Chao, C., Wang, M., Chen, R., Saleh, W., & Pai, C. (2023). Unhelmeted Riding, Drunk Riding, and Unlicensed Riding among Motorcyclists: A Population Study in Taiwan during 2011–2016. International Journal of Environmental Resear

This study aimed to investigate the association between drunk riding, unhelmeted riding, unlicensed riding, and running-off-road (ROR) crashes. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) by using the National Tai... Read More about Unhelmeted Riding, Drunk Riding, and Unlicensed Riding among Motorcyclists: A Population Study in Taiwan during 2011–2016.

Evaluating the effect of drunk driving on fatal injuries among vulnerable road users in Taiwan: a population-based study (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, H., Chan, C., Wiratama, B. S., Chen, P., Wang, M., Chao, C., …Pai, C. (2022). Evaluating the effect of drunk driving on fatal injuries among vulnerable road users in Taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), Article 2059. https://

Background: Most studies have focused on injuries sustained by intoxicated drivers themselves, but few have examined the effect of drunk driving on injury outcomes among VRUs (vulnerable road users) in developing countries. This study aims to evaluat... Read More about Evaluating the effect of drunk driving on fatal injuries among vulnerable road users in Taiwan: a population-based study.

Joint Effect of Heavy Vehicles and Diminished Light Conditions on Paediatric Pedestrian Injuries in Backover Crashes: A UK Population-Based Study (2022)
Journal Article
Wiratama, B. S., Hsu, L., Yeh, Y., Chen, C., Saleh, W., Liu, Y., & Pai, C. (2022). Joint Effect of Heavy Vehicles and Diminished Light Conditions on Paediatric Pedestrian Injuries in Backover Crashes: A UK Population-Based Study. International Journal of

Backover crashes cause considerable injuries especially among young children. Prior research on backover crashes has not assessed the joint effect of heavy vehicles and diminished light conditions on injuries. By analysing the United Kingdom STATS19... Read More about Joint Effect of Heavy Vehicles and Diminished Light Conditions on Paediatric Pedestrian Injuries in Backover Crashes: A UK Population-Based Study.

Injury in Children with Developmental Disorders: A 1:1 Nested Case−Control Study Using Multiple Datasets in Taiwan (2022)
Journal Article
Chen, S., Hsu, L., Chiu, N., Saleh, W., Pai, C., & Chen, P. (2022). Injury in Children with Developmental Disorders: A 1:1 Nested Case−Control Study Using Multiple Datasets in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19

Although past studies have identified predictors related to child injuries with developmental disorders, national-level research in Asia is limited. The objective of this study was to explore the risk factors for child injuries with developmental dis... Read More about Injury in Children with Developmental Disorders: A 1:1 Nested Case−Control Study Using Multiple Datasets in Taiwan.

An Investigation into the Appropriateness of Car-Following Models in Assessing Autonomous Vehicles (2021)
Journal Article
Higatani, A., & Saleh, W. (2021). An Investigation into the Appropriateness of Car-Following Models in Assessing Autonomous Vehicles. Sensors, 21(21), Article 7131. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217131

The dramatic progress of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has made autodriving technology extensively emphasised. Various models have been developed for the aim of modelling the behaviour of autonomous vehicles and their impacts on traffic, a... Read More about An Investigation into the Appropriateness of Car-Following Models in Assessing Autonomous Vehicles.

Control Strategies for Energy Efficiency at PNU’s Metro System (2021)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Justin, S., Alsawah, G., Al Ghamdi, T., & Lashin, M. M. A. (2021). Control Strategies for Energy Efficiency at PNU’s Metro System. Energies, 14(20), Article 6660. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206660

It is broadly acknowledged that there is an urgent need to reduce carbon-based mobility systems and increase renewable energy alternatives. The automotive industry is one of the greatest consumers of energy in the world. It is fronted with many chall... Read More about Control Strategies for Energy Efficiency at PNU’s Metro System.

Saudi Women and Vision 2030: Bridging the Gap? (2021)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., & Malibari, A. (2021). Saudi Women and Vision 2030: Bridging the Gap?. Behavioral Sciences, 11(10), Article 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11100132

(1) Background, Travel characteristics of Saudi women contrast significantly from those in the west. This is not only because they have different culture, attitudes and preferences but also until recently, Saudi women were not allowed to drive. In 20... Read More about Saudi Women and Vision 2030: Bridging the Gap?.

An Investigation into Conversion of a Fleet of Plug-in-Electric Golf Carts into Solar Powered Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic Control (2021)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Justin, S., Alsawah, G., Malibari, A., & Lashin, M. M. A. (2021). An Investigation into Conversion of a Fleet of Plug-in-Electric Golf Carts into Solar Powered Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic Control. Energies, 14(17), Article 5536. https://doi.org/

This paper presents an investigation factors that need to be considered in the design and selection of components for the conversion of a fleet of plug-in electric golf carts at Princess Nourah Bint Abdelrahman University, (PNU), Riyadh, Kingdom of S... Read More about An Investigation into Conversion of a Fleet of Plug-in-Electric Golf Carts into Solar Powered Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic Control.

Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity (2021)
Journal Article
Hsu, L., Wiratama, B. S., Chen, P., Saleh, W., Lin, H., & Pai, C. (2021). Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), Article 909

The study results serve as a reminder for parents, children, and drivers to be alert to the danger of traffic crashes on Halloween. The aim of this study was to examine whether Halloween is associated with a higher incidence of traffic injuries and w... Read More about Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity.

Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation (2021)
Journal Article
Lashin, M. M. A., Khokhar, A., Alrowais, F., Malibari, A., & Saleh, W. (2021). Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation. Recycling, 6(3), Article 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/recy

This paper investigates the mechanical properties of two different types of recycled concrete, which use wood and rubber, relative to those characteristics of pure concrete, in terms of maximum load and natural frequencies. This paper contributes to... Read More about Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation.

Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project (2021)
Journal Article
Gorrini, A., Choubassi, R., Messa, F., Saleh, W., Ababio-Donkor, A., Leva, M. C., D’Arcy, L., Fabbri, F., Laniado, D., & Aragón, P. (2021). Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project. Sustain

Within the objectives of the H2020 DIAMOND project, the paper investigates women’s needs and expectations as users of the bike-sharing service managed by Syndicat Mixte Autolib et Velib Métropole in the territory of Paris Region-Petite Couronne (Fran... Read More about Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project.

Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan (2021)
Journal Article
Wiratama, B. S., Chen, P., Chao, C., Wang, M., Saleh, W., Lin, H., & Pai, C. (2021). Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental

Background: Studies have suggested that trauma centre-related risk factors, such as distance to the nearest trauma hospital, are strong predictors of fatal injuries among motorists. Few studies have used a national dataset to study the effect of trau... Read More about Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan.

Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom (2021)
Journal Article
Wiratama, B. S., Chen, P., Chen, L., Saleh, W., Chen, S., Chen, H., …Pai, C. (2021). Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), Article 280.

Background: Research suggests that drivers tend to engage in risk-taking behaviours on public holidays. Studies that examined the association between holidays (or other special days) and fatal injuries are inconsistent. This study used UK STATS19 dat... Read More about Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom.

The role of personal norms in the choice of mode for commuting (2020)
Journal Article
Ababio-Donkor, A., Saleh, W., & Fonzone, A. (2020). The role of personal norms in the choice of mode for commuting. Research in Transportation Economics, 83, Article 100966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100966

Research in travel behavioural studies have shown that social forces play a significant role in travel decision making like socioeconomic factors. Several studies have tested models with different subjective variables to investigate their effects on... Read More about The role of personal norms in the choice of mode for commuting.

Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk? (2020)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Grigorova, M., & Elattar, S. (2020). Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk?. Sustainability, 12(12), Article 4891. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124891

The study investigates the behaviour of pedestrians crossing a road with a refuge island in an urban area to assess whether refuge islands deliver their expected benefit. This type of pedestrian crossings aims at providing a half-way shelter and prot... Read More about Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk?.

Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System (2020)
Journal Article
Saleh, W. S., & Lashin, M. M. A. (2020). Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System. Applied Sciences, 10(10), Article 3653. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103653

This paper assesses pedestrian crossing behavior and critical gaps at a two-way midblock crossing location. A critical gap is the shortest gap that a pedestrian accepts when crossing a road. A dataset was collected in 2017 in Edinburgh (UK). The anal... Read More about Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System.

Understanding transport mode choice for commuting: the role of affect (2020)
Journal Article
Ababio-Donkor, A., Saleh, W., & Fonzone, A. (2020). Understanding transport mode choice for commuting: the role of affect. Transportation Planning and Technology, 43(4), 385-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2020.1747203

This study examines the relationship between positive and negative user valence and transport mode choice behaviour. We integrate latent attitudes ‘affect’ and ‘salience’ into transport mode choice models using the framework of integrated choice and... Read More about Understanding transport mode choice for commuting: the role of affect.

Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan (2020)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Wiratama, B. S., Chang, W., Chen, P., Chiu, W., Saleh, W., & Pai, C. (2020). Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 20(1), Article 78 (2020). https://doi.org/10

Background Motorcycle full-coverage helmet use may reduce fatalities and head injuries. Methods This retrospective cohort study extracted injury data from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan and performed a questionnaire survey to investigate... Read More about Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan.

Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar (2019)
Journal Article
Muley, D., Kharbeche, M., Downey, L., Saleh, W., & Al-Salem, M. (2019). Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar. Sustainability, 11(20), Article 5699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su112

At non-signalized marked crosswalks, pedestrian priority is neither well-defined nor well acknowledged by drivers. This paper presents the findings of an investigation on both driver and pedestrian behavior at non-signalized marked crosswalks located... Read More about Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar.

Pedestrian crashes at priority controlled junctions, roundabouts and signalised junctions: The UK case study (2019)
Journal Article
Downey, L., Saleh, W., Muley, D., & Kharbeche, M. (2019). Pedestrian crashes at priority controlled junctions, roundabouts and signalised junctions: The UK case study. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.157497

Objectives: Over half of pedestrians killed and seriously injured in Great Britain in 2015 were involved in crashes at junctions. This study investigates the nature of these crashes. Methods: A study was conducted into pedestrian casualty crashes at... Read More about Pedestrian crashes at priority controlled junctions, roundabouts and signalised junctions: The UK case study.

The Relationships between Social Deprivation, Pedestrian and Driver Actions and Exposure in Road Casualty Accidents at Mid-Block Crossings (2018)
Journal Article
Downey, L., Saleh, W., Kharbeche, . M., & Muley, D. (2018). The Relationships between Social Deprivation, Pedestrian and Driver Actions and Exposure in Road Casualty Accidents at Mid-Block Crossings. Smart Highways, 6(1), 46-52

In July 2002, the UK Department for Transport enhanced its road safety targets to specifically tackle the significantly higher number of casualty accidents that occur in disadvantaged areas (DfT 2004). It is desirable, for practitioners, to consider... Read More about The Relationships between Social Deprivation, Pedestrian and Driver Actions and Exposure in Road Casualty Accidents at Mid-Block Crossings.

Helmet non-use by users of bikeshare programs, electric bicycles, racing bicycles, and personal bicycles: An observational study in Taipei, Taiwan. (2018)
Journal Article
Chi, C., Chen, P., Saleh, W., Tsai, S., & Pai, C. (2018). Helmet non-use by users of bikeshare programs, electric bicycles, racing bicycles, and personal bicycles: An observational study in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Sustainable Transportati

The bikeshare program in Taipei City and New Taipei City, called U-bike, was launched in August 2012 and has more than 7500 bicycles operating out of 769 stations. Research has suggested that bicycle helmet use is a means of reducing morbidity and mo... Read More about Helmet non-use by users of bikeshare programs, electric bicycles, racing bicycles, and personal bicycles: An observational study in Taipei, Taiwan..

Pokemon gaming causes pedestrians to run a red light: An observational study of crossing behaviours at a signalised intersection in Taipei City (2018)
Journal Article
Chen, P., Saleh, W., & Pai, C. (2018). Pokemon gaming causes pedestrians to run a red light: An observational study of crossing behaviours at a signalised intersection in Taipei City. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 55, 3

Since the launch of the smartphone game “Pokemon Go”, the worldwide craze has led to numerous traffic crashes and injuries resulting from falling or tripping. This paper investigates the effects of several smartphone distracting activities (gaming, t... Read More about Pokemon gaming causes pedestrians to run a red light: An observational study of crossing behaviours at a signalised intersection in Taipei City.

Electrical cars: an option for the Gulf states? (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W. (2017, November). Electrical cars: an option for the Gulf states?. Presented at International Energy and Environment Summit - 2017

Speech at the 8th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management (TDM), Taipei, Taiwan (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W. (2017, September). Speech at the 8th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management (TDM), Taipei, Taiwan. Presented at 8th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management (TDM), Taipei, Taiwan

Saleh, W. (2017, September). Speech at the 8th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management (TDM), Taipei, Taiwan. Presented at 8th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management (TDM), Taipei, Taiwan

Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan. (2016)
Journal Article
Chen, P., Saleh, W., & Pai, C. (2017). Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan. Behaviour and Information Technology, 36(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2016.1240234

The paper investigates the effects of phone use (talking, texting, and listening to music) on the street-crossing behaviours of pedestrians and their inattentional blindness in Taiwan. Recent handsets with touchscreens, as well as more advanced featu... Read More about Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan..

Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries. (2016)
Journal Article
Chen, P., Jou, R., Saleh, W., & Pai, C. (2016). Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries. Journal of advanced transportation, 50(5), 736-751. https://doi.org/10.1002

This paper examines pedestrian anatomical injuries and crash characteristics in back-to-traffic and facing-traffic crashes. Pedestrian crashes involving pedestrians walking along streets (i.e. with their backs to traffic or facing traffic) have been... Read More about Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries..

Impacts of socio economic factors on perceptions of being safe while using Kuwaiti roads. (2016)
Journal Article
AlSaeid, H., Almutairi, T., Matar, H., Al-Ajmi, F. F., Alrashidi, F. A., Husain, M. A. E., & Saleh, W. (2016). Impacts of socio economic factors on perceptions of being safe while using Kuwaiti roads. World journal of science, technology and sustainable d

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate road users attitudes and preferences towards accidents and safety measures in Kuwait. The paper also quantifies impacts of user’s attitudes on the perception of being safe while using roads in... Read More about Impacts of socio economic factors on perceptions of being safe while using Kuwaiti roads..

Illegal pedestrian crossing at signalised junctions in urban areas: the impact of spatial factors. (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mayeux, A., Lovreglio, R., Saleh, W., & Fonzone, A. (2015). Illegal pedestrian crossing at signalised junctions in urban areas: the impact of spatial factors. In TRB 94th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers

Much has still to be done to increase pedestrian safety. Illegal crossing at signalised junctions may increase the risk of accidents at the intersections where it takes place and induce dangerous habits. Therefore efforts to prevent such a harmful be... Read More about Illegal pedestrian crossing at signalised junctions in urban areas: the impact of spatial factors..

Bus Following Model: A Case Study in Edinburgh (2015)
Journal Article
Appiah, J., Galevko, A., Saleh, W., & Kumar, R. (2015). Bus Following Model: A Case Study in Edinburgh. International Journal of Transportation, 3(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijt.2015.3.2.01

A number of car following models have been developed and calibrated for the purpose of understanding and simulating the behaviour of driving under various traffic and transportation management systems. Such studies are useful for sa... Read More about Bus Following Model: A Case Study in Edinburgh.

Does motorcycle driving behaviour affect emission and fuel consumption? (2015)
Journal Article
Kumar, R., & Saleh, W. (2015). Does motorcycle driving behaviour affect emission and fuel consumption?. International Journal of Transportation, 3(2), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijt.2015.3.2.03

The behaviour of motorcycles driver is influenced by many factors, which include the personal characteristics (attitude, experience etc.) environmental (road geometry, traffic control etc.) and vehicle characteristics (performance, load etc.). Increa... Read More about Does motorcycle driving behaviour affect emission and fuel consumption?.

Transportation sustainability index for Tabuk city in Saudi Arabia: an analytic hierarchy process (2015)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Al-Atawi, A. M., & Kumar, R. (2016). Transportation sustainability index for Tabuk city in Saudi Arabia: an analytic hierarchy process. Transport, 31(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1058857

A sustainable transport strategies for Tabuk City in the Saudi Arabia has been developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using travel data collected from Tabuk City. A number of transport policies and strategies have been tested for incl... Read More about Transportation sustainability index for Tabuk city in Saudi Arabia: an analytic hierarchy process.

MOVES model for idling emission of signalised junction in developing country. (2015)
Journal Article
Kumar, R., Parida, P., Shukla, S., & Saleh, W. (2015). MOVES model for idling emission of signalised junction in developing country. World journal of science, technology and sustainable development, 12(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-06-2014-0009

Purpose The purpose of this paper is estimation of total emission during idling of vehicles and validate emission results from real-world data. Design/methodology/approach MOVES201b emission model is customized for developing country like Indi... Read More about MOVES model for idling emission of signalised junction in developing country..

Travel behaviour in Saudi Arabia and the role of social factors. (2014)
Journal Article
Al-Atawi, A. M., & Saleh, W. (2014). Travel behaviour in Saudi Arabia and the role of social factors. Transport, 29, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.91319

Travel behaviour research indicates that travel decisions are usually influenced by accessibility as well as characteristics of the transport systems. Factors such as travel times, travel costs, waiting times, walking times have the most significant... Read More about Travel behaviour in Saudi Arabia and the role of social factors..

Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device (2014)
Journal Article
Chen, P., Pai, C., Jou, R., Saleh, W., & Kuo, M. (2015). Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device. Accident analysis and prevention, 75, 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.11.016

Literature has suggested that angle/rear-end collisions would arise from the reality that motorists and motorcyclists tended to accelerate aggressively in response to the remaining seconds of green signal countdown device (GSCD). One safety concern,... Read More about Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device.

Travel demand management: short review of the special issue. (2014)
Journal Article
Ge, Y., Tang, C., Prentkovskis, O., Saleh, W., Junevičius, R., & Bell, M. G. H. (2014). Travel demand management: short review of the special issue. Transport, 29(3), 233-234. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.964029

Editorial presents a review of all eleven original papers (and one book review) published in the current special issue on Travel Demand Management (TDM). This review is developed under five focus topics: ––traffic congestion charging; ––public transi... Read More about Travel demand management: short review of the special issue..

Traffic accidents reductions in Saudi Arabia: Barriers and the way forward (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Al-Atawi, A. M., Kumar, R., & Saleh, W. (2014, August). Traffic accidents reductions in Saudi Arabia: Barriers and the way forward. Paper presented at WASD 12th International Conference

It has been estimated that the annual cost of traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia exceeds 6 billion US dollars, in addition to other social, health, and economic impacts, such as disability, rehab, and unemployment due to traffic accident injuries The... Read More about Traffic accidents reductions in Saudi Arabia: Barriers and the way forward.

Idling emission at signalised intersection- A case study in Delhi. (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kumar, R., Parida, P., Shukla, S., & Saleh, W. (2014, August). Idling emission at signalised intersection- A case study in Delhi. Paper presented at WASD 2014 International Conference

Exhaust emissions from idling vehicles at signalised traffic intersections is always of interest to researcher. In this paper, a case study of Ashram intersection of Delhi is presented to find out the emissions by vehicles during idling delays. Facto... Read More about Idling emission at signalised intersection- A case study in Delhi..

A framework for accident reduction and risk identification and assessment in Saudi Arabia (2014)
Journal Article
M. Al-Atawi, A., Kumar, R., & Saleh, W. (2014). A framework for accident reduction and risk identification and assessment in Saudi Arabia. World journal of science, technology and sustainable development, 11(3), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-06-

Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to propose a framework methodology for the assessment and improving accident data collection and analysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Design/methodology/approach – A proposed framework methodology for... Read More about A framework for accident reduction and risk identification and assessment in Saudi Arabia.

Effect of type of lead vehicle on following headway behaviour in mixed traffic (2014)
Journal Article
Kumar, R., Parida, P., & Saleh, W. (2014). Effect of type of lead vehicle on following headway behaviour in mixed traffic. World journal of science, technology and sustainable development, 11(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-08-2013-0036

Purpose – There is gap in literature on understanding of the issues of following headway behaviour of the driver and a lack of sufficient data in different traffic conditions. The purpose of this paper is to find the effects of type of lead vehicle o... Read More about Effect of type of lead vehicle on following headway behaviour in mixed traffic.

Impact of motorcycle’s driving behaviour on fuel consumption and emissions. (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kumar, R., Saleh, W., & Ocana, L. (2014, January). Impact of motorcycle’s driving behaviour on fuel consumption and emissions. Paper presented at 46th Annual UTSG Conference

Many studies have confirmed that driving behaviour has a great influence on petrol-fuelled than on diesel-fuelled vehicles. Depending on the type of road and vehicle technology, fuel consumption may increase by up to 40% for aggressive driving compar... Read More about Impact of motorcycle’s driving behaviour on fuel consumption and emissions..

Tabuk study final report. (2013)
Report
Al-Atawi, A. M., & Saleh, W. (2013). Tabuk study final report. Edinburgh, Scotland: Transport Research Institute

Tabuk study final report.

TDM and sustainability: international experiences. (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W., Kumar, R., Ziolkowski, R., & Ostrowski, K. (2013, December). TDM and sustainability: international experiences. Paper presented at 6th International Symposium on Travel Demand Management

Investigations of impacts of junction design on emissions: are our junctions sustainable? (2013)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., & Lawson, A. (2013). Investigations of impacts of junction design on emissions: are our junctions sustainable?. World journal of science, technology and sustainable development, 10(2), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1108/20425941311323145

Purpose - An investigation of the driving behaviour and impacts on emission at two traffic junctions Design/methodology/approach - A signalised junction and a roundabout in Edinburgh have been selected. An instrumented car has been used and a GPS... Read More about Investigations of impacts of junction design on emissions: are our junctions sustainable?.

How real world driving differs in heterogeneous traffic condition. (2013)
Journal Article
Kumar, R., Parida, P., Durai, B. K., & Saleh, W. (2013). How real world driving differs in heterogeneous traffic condition. World journal of science, technology and sustainable development, 10, 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/20425941311313119

Purpose – Heterogeneous traffic in Delhi is complex to understand due its typical composition, speed acceleration, cruising, deceleration and idling activity in flow. To arrive at accurate emission factor estimates and implement proper traffic demand... Read More about How real world driving differs in heterogeneous traffic condition..

Do pedestrian have Right Of Way in the UK? (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W., & Al Saeed, K. (2012, December). Do pedestrian have Right Of Way in the UK?. Paper presented at Tenth International Conference of World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD)

A framework for sustainable transport development (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W., & Kumar, R. (2012). A framework for sustainable transport development. In R. M. Pendyala, & C. R. Bhat (Eds.), Travel behaviour Research in an Evolving World (59-76)

A framework for sustainable transport development

Are bus lanes effective and efficient transport policies? (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Al Zaidi, A., & Saleh, W. (2012, December). Are bus lanes effective and efficient transport policies?. Paper presented at Tenth International Conference of World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD)

Motorcycle vehicle emissions - effect of driving cycle in urban and rural context (2010)
Book
Kumar, R., & Saleh, W. (2010). Motorcycle vehicle emissions - effect of driving cycle in urban and rural context

Climate change and global warming is challenging task ahead. This text book covers the fundamentals of estimating emission factor with special emphasis on motorcycle exhaust emissions. For the first time the text integrates various modelling techniqu... Read More about Motorcycle vehicle emissions - effect of driving cycle in urban and rural context.

Variable message signs: are they effective TDM measures? (2009)
Book Chapter
Saleh, W., Walker, C., & Pai, C. W. (2009). Variable message signs: are they effective TDM measures?. In Travel Demand Management and Road User Pricing: Success, Failure and Feasibility (135-150). Ashgate Publishing

This chapter investigates impacts of Variable Message Signs (VMS) on accidents rates and severities on Scottish trunk roads. A before and after analysis of accidents at 14 selected VMS sites in central and north-east Scotland is presented.

Real world driving cycle for motorcycles in Edinburgh (2009)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Kumar, R., Kirby, H., & Kumar, P. (2009). Real world driving cycle for motorcycles in Edinburgh. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14, 326-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2009.03.003

Knowledge of the driving cycle is an important requirement in the evaluation of exhaust emissions. Data were collected from trips performed on five routes between the home addresses in the surrounding areas and place of work at Napier University in E... Read More about Real world driving cycle for motorcycles in Edinburgh.

Travel demand management and road user pricing : success, failure and feasibility (2009)
Book
Saleh, W., & Sammer, G. (Eds.). (2009). Travel demand management and road user pricing : success, failure and feasibility. Ashgate Publishing

Throughout the world, traffic levels are increasing and, in urban areas, these increasing levels have led to pressures on the road networks which are causing serious economic, environmental and social problems. This book examines the full range of 'p... Read More about Travel demand management and road user pricing : success, failure and feasibility.

Investigation of pedestrian accidents analysis at signalised pedestrian crossings in Edinburgh (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saleh, W., & Alnaqbi, K. (2009). Investigation of pedestrian accidents analysis at signalised pedestrian crossings in Edinburgh. In Proceedings of WASD

Data from STATS19 show that pedestrian accident rates are higher over the pedestrian crossing points than these away from it, or within 50 m of pedestrian crossing facilities. This is contrary to the expectations that accidents should be least over t... Read More about Investigation of pedestrian accidents analysis at signalised pedestrian crossings in Edinburgh.

A mixed logit analysis of motorists’ right-of-way violation in motorcycle accidents at priority T-junctions. (2009)
Journal Article
Pai, C., Hwang, K. P., & Saleh, W. (2009). A mixed logit analysis of motorists’ right-of-way violation in motorcycle accidents at priority T-junctions. Accident analysis and prevention, 41(3), 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.007

Research suggested that motorists’ right-of-way (ROW) violation in automobile–motorcycle gap-acceptance accidents at priority (i.e., stop-/yield-controlled) T-intersections has been a safety concern to motorcyclists. This study examines the character... Read More about A mixed logit analysis of motorists’ right-of-way violation in motorcycle accidents at priority T-junctions..

Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK (2008)
Journal Article
Pai, C., & Saleh, W. (2008). Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK. Safety Science, 46, 1234-1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.07.005

Motorcyclists tend to be more vulnerable to injuries than those using other motorised vehicles and this may act synergistically with the complexity of conflicting movements between vehicles and motorcycles to increase injury severity in a junction-ty... Read More about Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK.

Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures (2008)
Journal Article
Pai, C., & Saleh, W. (2008). Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures. Accident analysis and prevention, 40, 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.003

Research has suggested that motorcyclists involved in approach-turn crashes were much more injurious than any other crash-type. This paper investigates the determinants of motorcyclist injury severity resulting from such crash types that occurred at... Read More about Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures.

Investigation and analysis of evidence of asymmetric churn in travel demand models. (2007)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., & Farrell, S. (2007). Investigation and analysis of evidence of asymmetric churn in travel demand models. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41, 691-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.016

There is a large amount of research work that has been devoted to the understanding of travel behaviour and for the prediction of travel demand and its management. Different types of data including stated preference and revealed preference, as well a... Read More about Investigation and analysis of evidence of asymmetric churn in travel demand models..

Exploring Motorcyclist Injury Severity Resulting from Various Crash Configurations at T-Junctions in the United Kingdom—An Application of the Ordered Probit Models (2007)
Journal Article
Pai, C., & Saleh, W. (2007). Exploring Motorcyclist Injury Severity Resulting from Various Crash Configurations at T-Junctions in the United Kingdom—An Application of the Ordered Probit Models. Traffic Injury Prevention, 8(1), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.

Objectives . The fact that motorcycle users tend to be more vulnerable to injuries than those using other motorized vehicles may act synergistically with the complexity of conflicting movements between vehicles and motorcycles to increase injury seve... Read More about Exploring Motorcyclist Injury Severity Resulting from Various Crash Configurations at T-Junctions in the United Kingdom—An Application of the Ordered Probit Models.

Road-user charging and the modelling of revenue allocation. (2005)
Journal Article
Farrell, S., & Saleh, W. (2005). Road-user charging and the modelling of revenue allocation. Transport Policy, 12(5), 431-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.06.003

The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential impacts of implementing variable congestion charging on the peak spreading of departure time choices, taking into account levels of scheduling flexibility of individuals. In particular, this... Read More about Road-user charging and the modelling of revenue allocation..

Road user charging: Theory and practice (2005)
Journal Article
Saleh, W. (2005). Road user charging: Theory and practice. Transport Policy, 12(5), 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.06.001

In 1999 the DETR became concerned that there was a general shortage of research projects looking at innovatory approaches to road user charging and so it launched a programme aimed specifically at generating novel postgraduate research. Theoretical a... Read More about Road user charging: Theory and practice.

Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh (2005)
Journal Article
Hu, S., & Saleh, W. (2005). Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh. Transport Policy, 12(5), 443-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.06.004

This paper presents an investigation into the impacts of the introduction of congestion charges on shopping trips in Edinburgh. Other transport policies such as parking costs, public transport costs and petrol fees have also been investigated, using... Read More about Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh.

Implications of congestion charging for departure time choice: Work and non-work schedule flexibility (2005)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., & Farrell, S. (2005). Implications of congestion charging for departure time choice: Work and non-work schedule flexibility. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(7-9), 773-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2005.02.016

The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential impacts of implementing variable congestion charging on the peak spreading of departure time choices, taking into account levels of scheduling flexibility of individuals. In particular, this... Read More about Implications of congestion charging for departure time choice: Work and non-work schedule flexibility.

Modelling vehicle emissions using the TEMIS program: part 2 case studies. (1998)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., & Nelson, J. D. (1998). Modelling vehicle emissions using the TEMIS program: part 2 case studies. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 212(3), 205-212

Many challenges are associated with the ever increasing level of energy consumption and the damage to the environment caused by the pollutants from all sectors. On the local level the problem is associated with matters such as noise and air pollution... Read More about Modelling vehicle emissions using the TEMIS program: part 2 case studies..

Determinants of energy consumption: examination of alternative transport policies using the temis program. (1998)
Journal Article
Saleh, W., Nelson, J., & Bell, M. G. (1998). Determinants of energy consumption: examination of alternative transport policies using the temis program. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 3(2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1361-

Many challenges are associated with the increasing level of energy consumption and the environmental damage caused. At the local level, there is noise and air pollution while at the global level there are problems associated with acid rain, ozone lay... Read More about Determinants of energy consumption: examination of alternative transport policies using the temis program..

Ownership and control in the bus industry: the case of Hungary. (1997)
Journal Article
Nelson, J. D., Saleh, W., & Prileszky, I. (1997). Ownership and control in the bus industry: the case of Hungary. Journal of Transport Geography, 5(2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6923%2897%2984102-6

In Hungary, the impending expiry of existing operating licences for both urban and interurban bus services is leading to considerable pressure for change in the current system of ownership and control. Furthermore, the transport sector in Hungary fac... Read More about Ownership and control in the bus industry: the case of Hungary..