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Outputs (161)

Wood properties & strength grading (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, December). Wood properties & strength grading. Presented at James Jones & Sons Architects' and Structural Engineers' Open Day, Lockerbie

James Jones & Sons held an open day for architects and structural engineers at its flagship sawmill site in Lockerbie. "James Jones & Sons' new visitor building at its flagship sawmill site in Lockerbie has attracted considerable interest in the... Read More about Wood properties & strength grading.

Correction of Evanescent Wave Influence on the Flexural Wave Velocity and Wavelength Estimation Based on a Mode Shape Function (2022)
Journal Article
Pantelić, F., Šumarac Pavlović, D., Mijić, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022). Correction of Evanescent Wave Influence on the Flexural Wave Velocity and Wavelength Estimation Based on a Mode Shape Function. Archives of Acoustics, 47(4), 539-546. https://do

The aim of this research is to use a simple acoustic method of a very near field recording, which enables measurement and display of oscillation modes, to estimate the velocity of flexural waves, based on the wavelengths of standing waves measured on... Read More about Correction of Evanescent Wave Influence on the Flexural Wave Velocity and Wavelength Estimation Based on a Mode Shape Function.

Strength Grading of Timber in the UK and Ireland in 2021 (2022)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Gil-Moreno, D., & Harte, A. M. (2022). Strength Grading of Timber in the UK and Ireland in 2021. International Wood Products Journal, 13(2), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2050549

This paper summarises the state of the art for strength grading of construction timber grown in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. It includes the latest approvals based on recent research on spruce, larch and Douglas-fir. It lists the f... Read More about Strength Grading of Timber in the UK and Ireland in 2021.

The relationship between bending and tension strength of Irish and UK spruce and pine (2022)
Journal Article
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., O'Ceallaigh, C., & Harte, A. M. (2022). The relationship between bending and tension strength of Irish and UK spruce and pine. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 80, 585-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01

The correct characterisation of wood properties is fundamental for the best utilisation of resources. In Europe, grading is defined by strength classes that are determined based on either bending or tension tests. The European standards give equation... Read More about The relationship between bending and tension strength of Irish and UK spruce and pine.

Test Machine Effect in the determination of modulus of elasticity for strength-graded timber (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. M. (2021, August). Test Machine Effect in the determination of modulus of elasticity for strength-graded timber. Presented at WCTE 2021: World Conference on Timber Engineering, Santiago, Chile [Online]

This paper investigates if the relationship between the global and local moduli of elasticity (MoE), measured in bending tests, is affected by the test machines employed, and how that may influence strength grading. The ultimate aim is to study the p... Read More about Test Machine Effect in the determination of modulus of elasticity for strength-graded timber.

Perception and use of timber in construction: A case study of Ireland and the UK (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
O'Ceallaigh, C., Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. M. (2021, August). Perception and use of timber in construction: A case study of Ireland and the UK. Presented at WCTE 2021: World Conference on Timber Engineering, Santiago, Chile [Online]

A survey was carried out to examine the perception of timber in construction among industry stakeholders within northwest Europe. The survey received responses from 17 countries in total. The total results of all respondents are presented along with... Read More about Perception and use of timber in construction: A case study of Ireland and the UK.

Grade in Britain: enabling a wider range of home grown species (2021)
Book Chapter
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2021). Grade in Britain: enabling a wider range of home grown species. In Timber 2020 Industry Yearbook (132-137). High Wycombe: TRADA

Dan Ridley-Ellis summarises the different home-grown species currently available, and looks to the future of strength grading for an increasingly wide range of species.

Estimating mechanical properties of clear wood from ten‐year‐old Melia azedarach trees using the stress wave method (2021)
Journal Article
Van Duong, D., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2021). Estimating mechanical properties of clear wood from ten‐year‐old Melia azedarach trees using the stress wave method. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 79(4), 941-949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-0

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of stress wave velocity (SWV) as a rapid and non-destructive method to estimate the mechanical properties of Melia azedarach wood. The SWV, dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE d), modulus of ela... Read More about Estimating mechanical properties of clear wood from ten‐year‐old Melia azedarach trees using the stress wave method.

A brief look at alternative species in the UK (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Adams, S. H., & Ridley-Ellis, D. J. (2020, December). A brief look at alternative species in the UK. Presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering – WSE2020, Online (Helsinki)

A case study of timber demolition recycling in the UK (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2020, December). A case study of timber demolition recycling in the UK. Presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering – WSE2020, Online (Helsinki)

InFutURe Wood Report 1: Design for deconstruction and reuse of timber structures – state of the art review (2020)
Report
Cristescu, C., Honfi, D., Sandberg, K., Sandin, Y., Shotton, E., Walsh, S., Cramer, M., Ridley-Ellis, D., Risse, M., Ivanica, R., Ui Chulain, C., Harte, A., De Arana-Fernandez, M., Llana, D., Iniguez-Gonzalez, G., Garcia Barbero, M., Nasiri, B., Hughes, M

This report represents the first publication of the InFutURe Wood project - Innovative Design for the Future – Use and Reuse of Wood (Building) Components. InFutUReWood is supported under the umbrella of ERA-NET and financed by funding agencies from... Read More about InFutURe Wood Report 1: Design for deconstruction and reuse of timber structures – state of the art review.

A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2020, September). A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK. Paper presented at Timber 2020, Online

The secondary timber value chain was explored by interviewing companies involved in wood recycling. The interviewees include community wood recyclers, chip producers and board-making companies. This paper is a perspective of the wood recycling indust... Read More about A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK.

Some awkward questions about density (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Cramer, M. (2020, September). Some awkward questions about density. Presented at Timber 2020, Online

There are several different concepts of wood density, such as specific gravity, basic density, dry density, and oven dry density. These are often confusing, and sometimes poorly described in the literature, but they can be unambiguously defined and m... Read More about Some awkward questions about density.

Analysis of a wooden specimen's mechanical properties through acoustic measurements in the very near field (2020)
Journal Article
Pantelić, F., Mijić, M., Šumarac Pavlović, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Dudeš, D. (2020). Analysis of a wooden specimen's mechanical properties through acoustic measurements in the very near field. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(4), EL3

This paper presents the method for prediction of some basic mechanical parameters of a wood specimen by using simple instrumentation. The standard acoustic method for assessment of modulus of elasticity using the impulse excitation is extended by usi... Read More about Analysis of a wooden specimen's mechanical properties through acoustic measurements in the very near field.

The Mechanical and Resonance Assessment of Large Clear Samples of UK-Grown Beech Wood (2019)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2019). The Mechanical and Resonance Assessment of Large Clear Samples of UK-Grown Beech Wood. Pro Ligno, 15(4), 32-39

The paper presents the results of non-destructive longitudinal resonance (impulse excitation technique), and mechanical flexural testing, of a batch of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.), grown in the United Kingdom. The material was largely fr... Read More about The Mechanical and Resonance Assessment of Large Clear Samples of UK-Grown Beech Wood.

Grading of British spruce cladding battens by ring width for density, fastener performance and fire (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2019, October). Grading of British spruce cladding battens by ring width for density, fastener performance and fire. Presented at 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, Lund, Sweden

The UK has a British Standard for external timber cladding, BS8605-1, in which support battens are defined as timber components of a section, grade, and durability, suitable for supporting external timber cladding. The term includes both battens (whi... Read More about Grading of British spruce cladding battens by ring width for density, fastener performance and fire.

Influence of knot area indexes on tension strength of Sitka spruce (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. M. (2019, September). Influence of knot area indexes on tension strength of Sitka spruce. Presented at 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, Lund, Sweden

It is well known that knots can reduce the strength of timber, and the selection of “critical section” for testing to EN 408 and EN 384 is typically based on the size and position of knots. In Ireland, the visual strength grading Standard IS 127 spec... Read More about Influence of knot area indexes on tension strength of Sitka spruce.

The use of a visual grading code of practice in the UK in the assessment of the mechanical properties of in situ structural timber elements (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bather, M. J., & Ridley-Ellis, D. J. (2019, September). The use of a visual grading code of practice in the UK in the assessment of the mechanical properties of in situ structural timber elements. Presented at 5th International Conference on Structural He

The estimation of the mechanical properties of in situ timber elements is an essential part of the structural appraisal of many existing buildings and structures. Currently, in the UK, this appraisal of load-bearing timber is generally carried out b... Read More about The use of a visual grading code of practice in the UK in the assessment of the mechanical properties of in situ structural timber elements.

Use of Nondestructive Techniques for Determination of Tension Parallel-to-Grain Properties of Spruce (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., O'Ceallaigh, C., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. M. (2019, September). Use of Nondestructive Techniques for Determination of Tension Parallel-to-Grain Properties of Spruce. Presented at 21st International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluatio

The paper presents a study of the tension properties of Irish-grown Sitka spruce. Fifty timber pieces were destructively tested having resonant frequency and knots measured. The aim was to improve knowledge of the performance of spruce in tension and... Read More about Use of Nondestructive Techniques for Determination of Tension Parallel-to-Grain Properties of Spruce.

Quantification of chemical changes taking place in spruce wood structure following long period thermal treatment (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Popescu, C., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Popescu, M. (2019, August). Quantification of chemical changes taking place in spruce wood structure following long period thermal treatment. Paper presented at 2DCOS-10, The 10th International Symposium on Two-dimensional

Wood is a natural composite polymer containing different amounts of cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses and some other low molecular compounds (i.e. extractives). Due to its structure wood is susceptible to degradation in the surrounding environment... Read More about Quantification of chemical changes taking place in spruce wood structure following long period thermal treatment.

Timber grading potential of Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK (2019)
Journal Article
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. (2019). Timber grading potential of Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK. International Wood Products Journal, 10(2), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2019.1617984

Results of the recently approved machine control grading settings for Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK have shown that the species can be graded to C18, and higher strength classes, and while there is a relatively high proportion of... Read More about Timber grading potential of Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK.

Lesser-used UK-grown timber (2019)
Book Chapter
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2019). Lesser-used UK-grown timber. In TRADA Timber Industry Yearbook 2019 (200-205)

Daniel Ridley-Ellis looks at the grading properties of different species in comparison with the highly commercial Sitka spruce.

Grading of British Timber (2018)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2018). Grading of British Timber. The Full Circle: The Journal of the Association of Scottish Hardwood Sawmillers, 34-36

A summary of grading of home grown timber for the magazine of the Association of Scottish Hardwood Sawmillers (ASHS).

Some thresholds for grading British grown spruce to optimised strength classes using longitudinal resonance (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Adams, S., & Lehneke, S. (2018). Some thresholds for grading British grown spruce to optimised strength classes using longitudinal resonance.

The main commercial species in the UK and Ireland is Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), which is graded in combination with a small amount of Norway spruce (P. abies). It is typically graded to the European strength class C16, but actually has superior... Read More about Some thresholds for grading British grown spruce to optimised strength classes using longitudinal resonance.

Strength grading of timber in the UK in 2018 (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2018, June). Strength grading of timber in the UK in 2018. Paper presented at Timber 2018, London

This paper summarises the state-of-the-art of strength grading of UK-grown timber. It lists the following information along with the primary references: visual grading grades and strength class assignments; grading machines with approved settings for... Read More about Strength grading of timber in the UK in 2018.

The daily cycle of moisture content expansion and contraction in UK-grown Sitka spruce trees (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Adams, S., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2018, June). The daily cycle of moisture content expansion and contraction in UK-grown Sitka spruce trees. Paper presented at Timber 2018

The diameter of five dominant Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees at Griffin Forest (near Aberfeldy, Scotland) were monitored at two minute intervals with dendrometers between April 2008 and October 2012. This experiment was designed to investigate... Read More about The daily cycle of moisture content expansion and contraction in UK-grown Sitka spruce trees.

Impulse excitation measurement of small changes in elastic moduli and damping using R (2018)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Libeau, M., & Mignerat, D. (2018). Impulse excitation measurement of small changes in elastic moduli and damping using R. International Wood Products Journal, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2018.1475928

Impulse excitation is commonly used to assess wood stiffness in both scientific and industrial settings. Modes of vibration are excited by a mechanical impulse and their resonant frequencies measured to calculate elastic moduli. It is also possible t... Read More about Impulse excitation measurement of small changes in elastic moduli and damping using R.

Equipping ourselves for future forests and timber. (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2018, May). Equipping ourselves for future forests and timber. Presented at Institute of Chartered Foresters National Conference

Presentation to the Institute of Chartered Foresters National Conference, "Innovation for change - New drivers for tomorrow’s forestry" Edinburgh 2-3 May 2013 https://www.charteredforesters.org/

TG1/201804/25rev Derivation of MTG grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes) (2018)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. (2018). TG1/201804/25rev Derivation of MTG grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). Ljubljana: WoodProps for Ireland project

Grading machines MTG 960 mtgBATCH 962 mtgBATCH 966 MTG 920 mtgBATCH 922 mtgBATCH 926 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (PSMN) Permitted timber sizes Thickness: 33 mm to 84 mm Width: 68 mm to 248 mm C35/16 C27/16, C24/C16, C24/14... Read More about TG1/201804/25rev Derivation of MTG grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

Home grown timber now and in the future. (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, November). Home grown timber now and in the future. Presented at WTS British Timber Seminar

Presentation to the wood technology society "British Timber Seminar" at IOM3, November 2017

Timber grading update (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, November). Timber grading update. Presented at SIRT update seminar

The latest news on timber grading standards and how they effect structural timber production in UK and IE

Assessing timber quality (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, October). Assessing timber quality. Presented at Royal Forestry Society Future Technology Conference, Moulton College, Northants

The use of technology for assessing and monitoring timber quality in the forest and at harvesting

Assessing timber quality. (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, October). Assessing timber quality. Presented at 1st National Forestry and Aboriculture Student Conference, Moulton College, Moulton, Northamptonshire

Presentation about technology for assessing timber quality, at the Royal Forestry Society Future Foresters Technology Day (1st National Forestry and Aboriculture Student Conference)

Bringing new species to the market place (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, May). Bringing new species to the market place. Presented at EFIATLANTIC AND IEFC ANNUAL MEETING The Role of Alternative Tree Species in the Forests of Atlantic Europe

Timber grading (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017, May). Timber grading. Presented at Tree Breeding and Forest Products - An update on current research

TG1/201703/27rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/27rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: Dan Ridley-Ellis

MTG 960 Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Institutenweg 15 7521 PH Enschede The Netherlands United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS)... Read More about TG1/201703/27rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201703/26rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for UK larch (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/26rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for UK larch. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: Dan Ridley-Ellis

MTG 960 Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Institutenweg 15 7521 PH Enschede The Netherlands United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi... Read More about TG1/201703/26rev Derivation of MTG 960 grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201703/25rev Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/25rev Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: MiCROTEC

Viscan Viscan portable WITHOUT balance MiCROTEC GmbH Julius Durst Str. 98 IT-39042 Brixen (BZ) www.microtec.eu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] Norway spruce [Pic... Read More about TG1/201703/25rev Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201703/24rev Derivation of Viscan Plus grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/24rev Derivation of Viscan Plus grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: MiCROTEC

Viscan Plus MiCROTEC GmbH Julius Durst Str. 98 IT-39042 Brixen (BZ) www.microtec.eu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] Norway spruce [Picea abies] (WPCS) 34 mm... Read More about TG1/201703/24rev Derivation of Viscan Plus grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201703/23rev Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/23rev Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: MiCROTEC

Viscan Compact Viscan portable WITH balance MiCROTEC GmbH Julius Durst Str. 98 IT-39042 Brixen (BZ) www.microtec.eu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] Norway spruce... Read More about TG1/201703/23rev Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201703/22rev Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/22rev Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: MiCROTEC

Goldeneye 706 MiCROTEC GmbH Julius Durst Str. 98 IT-39042 Brixen (BZ) www.microtec.eu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] Norway spruce [Picea abies] (WPCS) 34... Read More about TG1/201703/22rev Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201703/21rev Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2017)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). TG1/201703/21rev Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce. CEN TC124 WG2 TG1: MiCROTEC

Goldeneye 702 MiCROTEC GmbH Julius Durst Str. 98 IT-39042 Brixen (BZ) www.microtec.eu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + Republic of Ireland Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] Norway spruce [Picea abies] (WPCS) 34... Read More about TG1/201703/21rev Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

An update on grading timber for structural use (2017)
Book Chapter
Mansfield-Williams, H., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2017). An update on grading timber for structural use. In TRADA Timber Industry Yearbook 2017 (148-155)

The quality of timber varies and, while we have little control over tree growth compared to industrial manufacturing processes, we do know many of the factors that influence wood properties. Both the species and the growth region are important since... Read More about An update on grading timber for structural use.

Timber properties of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock grown in Great Britain (2016)
Report
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & McLean, P. (2016). Timber properties of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock grown in Great Britain. Great Britain: Forest Research

The softwood processing sector in Great Britain has been built around the use of a very small number of timber producing species – predominantly Sitka spruce. The recent increase in outbreaks of host-specific tree pests and diseases has led to an int... Read More about Timber properties of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock grown in Great Britain.

Timber material properties. (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016, September). Timber material properties. Presented at CPD Seminar Structural Timber Engineering

Timber material properties, grading techniques and ways of optimising selection.

Grading structural timber. (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016, September). Grading structural timber. Presented at CPD Seminar Structural Timber Engineering

Grading structural timber.

Combining of results from visual inspection, non-destructive testing and semi-destructive testing to predict the mechanical properties of Western Hemlock (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bather, M., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. (2016, August). Combining of results from visual inspection, non-destructive testing and semi-destructive testing to predict the mechanical properties of Western Hemlock. Paper presented at World Conference o

Current methods of assessing the mechanical properties of in-situ timber are limited, particularly with regard to estimating bending strength and stiffness. The aim of this research is to combine non-destructive testing (NDT), visual inspection and t... Read More about Combining of results from visual inspection, non-destructive testing and semi-destructive testing to predict the mechanical properties of Western Hemlock.

Using the right Modulus of Elasticity to get the best grades out of softwood timber species in Great Britain (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & McLean, P. (2016). Using the right Modulus of Elasticity to get the best grades out of softwood timber species in Great Britain. In WCTE 2016 World Conference on Timber Engineering e-book Full Papers

The correct characterisation of modulus of elasticity in bending is fundamental for timber grading, especially when that property limits the allocation to a strength class. The aim of this paper is to empirically determine the relationship between EN... Read More about Using the right Modulus of Elasticity to get the best grades out of softwood timber species in Great Britain.

Thinking beyond the usual strength grades – with examples of British spruce and larch (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Adams, S., & Lehneke, S. (2016). Thinking beyond the usual strength grades – with examples of British spruce and larch. In Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2016), August 22-25, 2016, Vienna, Austria, Eds

This paper summarises the processes and normative requirements involved in grading of structural timber, and outlines a number of areas in which matters may be improved, so as to make better use of the true properties of the timber resource used. The... Read More about Thinking beyond the usual strength grades – with examples of British spruce and larch.

Analysis of acoustical properties of wood and mode identification by sample scanning in the very near field (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Pantelić, F., Šumarac Pavlović, D., Mijić, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016). Analysis of acoustical properties of wood and mode identification by sample scanning in the very near field. In Zbornik apstrakata i program 60.konferencije ETRAN, Zlatibor

It is possible to achieve a good visualization of vibration modes by microphone scanning of a vibration excited sample of wood in very near field. The experimental settings, shown in this paper, were used for wood properties characterization and obse... Read More about Analysis of acoustical properties of wood and mode identification by sample scanning in the very near field.

Bright Club Edinburgh backstage (2016)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016). Bright Club Edinburgh backstage. [YouTube video]

Backstage at the Bright Club Edinburgh show #37.0 (26th April 2016) Public engagement and researcher development through stand up comedy https://youtu.be/gMO0ozKJ7t4

Does home-grown make the grade? (2016)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016). Does home-grown make the grade?. Forestry & Timber News,

Summary of research into the properties of UK-grown timber (relevant to grading for construction use).

Making the grade and maximising the opportunities. (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016, April). Making the grade and maximising the opportunities. Presented at Institute of Chartered Foresters 2016 National Conference “The Timber Supply Chain – Dynamics and Opportunities”

Institute of Chartered Foresters National Conference 2016 Invited presentation covering: A quick explanation of key properties of wood, relevant to construction The extent of variation in these properties, between and within species – and the... Read More about Making the grade and maximising the opportunities..

The timber resource in G. B.-more species for new challenges. (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & McLean, P. (2016, April). The timber resource in G. B.-more species for new challenges. Paper presented at Young Researchers’ Forum III: Innovation in Construction Materials

Timber in Great Britain is mostly produced from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Biotic threats have led tree growers to consider the planting of a wider range of species to offer a more resilient forest. There is little information on how this will... Read More about The timber resource in G. B.-more species for new challenges..

Strength grading of sawn timber in Europe: an explanation for engineers and researchers (2016)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Stapel, P., & Baño, V. (2016). Strength grading of sawn timber in Europe: an explanation for engineers and researchers. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74(3), 291-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-016-1034-1

This paper is a concise explanation of the normative background to strength grading in Europe, addressing important aspects that are commonly misunderstood by structural engineers and timber researchers. It also highlights changes that are being made... Read More about Strength grading of sawn timber in Europe: an explanation for engineers and researchers.

Timber grading seminar - Some things you should know about how strength grading works and what is changing in the standards. (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2016, February). Timber grading seminar - Some things you should know about how strength grading works and what is changing in the standards. Presented at Timber grading seminar

Presentations from the seminar on timber grading. "This grading seminar will give you a crash course in timber strength grading, what it is, how it works, and how it is changing. It aims to demystify timber grading, tackle some widely held misconc... Read More about Timber grading seminar - Some things you should know about how strength grading works and what is changing in the standards..

Comparing usefulness of acoustic measurements on standing trees for segregation by timber stiffness. (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2015). Comparing usefulness of acoustic measurements on standing trees for segregation by timber stiffness. In R. J. Ross, R. Gonçalves, & X. Wang (Eds.), Proceedings: 19th International Nondestructive Testing and Eval

The paper presents a comparison of standard procedures to measure acoustic stiffness of standing trees and logs. The aim is to see how useful they are for predicting the properties of dry, sawn, timber for the purposes of resource segregation in indu... Read More about Comparing usefulness of acoustic measurements on standing trees for segregation by timber stiffness..

The Forum (Wood). (2015)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2015). The Forum (Wood)

Contributor to pre-recorded BBC World Service programme. Is our attitude to wood changing? In Africa it’s a still the dominant fuel for daily survival and in Canada an architect is designing wooden high rise buildings. To discuss wood, architect M... Read More about The Forum (Wood)..

Dan Ridley-Ellis (2014)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2014). Dan Ridley-Ellis. The Networker,

Text on page 12.

TG1/201410/21rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/21rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-702 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) Siz... Read More about TG1/201410/21rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/38rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/38rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-702 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 20 mm... Read More about TG1/201410/38rev1: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/31rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/31rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machines: MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922, mtgBATCH 926 Manufacturer: Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japa... Read More about TG1/201410/31rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/33rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/33rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machines: MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922, mtgBATCH 926 Manufacturer: Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruc... Read More about TG1/201410/33rev: Derivation of MTG 920, mtgBATCH 922 and mtgBATCH 926 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/34rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/34rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machines: MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962, mtgBATCH 966 Manufacturer: Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruc... Read More about TG1/201410/34rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/40rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for green British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/40rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for green British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machines: MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962, mtgBATCH 966 Manufacturer: Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruc... Read More about TG1/201410/40rev: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for green British Spruce.

Potential for estimating the age of instruments by characterisation of wood properties via acoustics. (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Popescu, C. (2014, September). Potential for estimating the age of instruments by characterisation of wood properties via acoustics. Presented at WoodMusiCK (FP1302) conference ‘multidisciplinary approach to wooden musical instrument

The performance of musical instruments is sensitive to several wood properties that are affected by aging. These wood properties also change with temperature and humidity in ways that interact with (and change as a result of) aging processes. This of... Read More about Potential for estimating the age of instruments by characterisation of wood properties via acoustics..

TG1/201410/32: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/32: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machines: MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962, mtgBATCH 966 Manufacturer: Brookhuis Micro Electronics bv Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japa... Read More about TG1/201410/32: Derivation of MTG 960, mtgBATCH 962 and mtgBATCH 966 grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/35: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/35: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 20 mm to 83 m... Read More about TG1/201410/35: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/36: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/36: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-COMPACT Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 20 mm... Read More about TG1/201410/36: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/37: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/37: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-PLUS Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 20 mm to... Read More about TG1/201410/37: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/39: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for British Spruce (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/39: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-706 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom + Republic of Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 20 mm... Read More about TG1/201410/39: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for British Spruce.

TG1/201410/18: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/18: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) Sizes: 20... Read More about TG1/201410/18: Derivation of ViSCAN grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/19: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/19: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-COMPACT Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) Si... Read More about TG1/201410/19: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/20: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/20: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-COMPACT Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) Si... Read More about TG1/201410/20: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/22: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/22: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-706 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) Siz... Read More about TG1/201410/22: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 grading machine settings for UK larch.

TG1/201410/23: Derivation of ViSCAN-portable grading machine settings for UK larch (2014)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1/201410/23: Derivation of ViSCAN-portable grading machine settings for UK larch

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-portable Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom Species: European larch Larix decidua Hybrid larch Larix x eurolepsis Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (WLAD) S... Read More about TG1/201410/23: Derivation of ViSCAN-portable grading machine settings for UK larch.

Strength class of minor conifer species, as estimated from log acoustic measurements, small-clear data and knowledge of wood property variation (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & McLean, J. P. (2014, May). Strength class of minor conifer species, as estimated from log acoustic measurements, small-clear data and knowledge of wood property variation. Presented at Experimental Research with Timber:

It is well known that wood properties vary from species to species. Additionally, trees grow wood in response to their requirement to grow in a certain environment. Therefore, timber properties also vary by region, by forest practice, and by the chan... Read More about Strength class of minor conifer species, as estimated from log acoustic measurements, small-clear data and knowledge of wood property variation.

Stand-up comedy for researchers (2014)
Book Chapter
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2014). Stand-up comedy for researchers. In I. Daly, & A. Brophy Haney (Eds.), 53 interesting ways to communicate your research (57-58). The Professional and Higher Partnership Ltd

Effective researchers need both to conduct high-quality research and to communicate it - to subject specialists, researchers in other fields, research participants, business, government, the third sector, or the public, not to mention potential emplo... Read More about Stand-up comedy for researchers.

Stiffness changes during low temperature thermal treatment of Scots pine, assessed by acoustic NDT (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Popescu, C., Keating, B. A., Popescu, M., & Hill, C. A. S. (2014). Stiffness changes during low temperature thermal treatment of Scots pine, assessed by acoustic NDT. In L. Nunes, D. Jones, C. A. S. Hill, & H. Militz (Eds.), Proceedings

The change, over time, in density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus and chemical structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) under thermal treatment (110, 120 and 140 C) was evaluated. The determinations of the specific changes were c... Read More about Stiffness changes during low temperature thermal treatment of Scots pine, assessed by acoustic NDT.

Adding value to the Forest through research. (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2014, March). Adding value to the Forest through research. Presented at Wood Products Innovation Gateway closing event

Presentation at the closing event of the "Wood Products Innovation Gateway"

Structural timber on the scales. (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2013, December). Structural timber on the scales

Telford Institute Workshop on "Anisotropic, Heterogeneous and Cellular Materials: Micro-architecture to Macro-level Responses"

Within- and between-stand variation in selected properties of Sitka spruce sawn timber in the UK: implications for segregation and grade recovery (2013)
Journal Article
Moore, J. R., Lyon, A. J., Searles, G. J., Lehneke, S. A., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2013). Within- and between-stand variation in selected properties of Sitka spruce sawn timber in the UK: implications for segregation and grade recovery. Annals of Forest Scien

Context Information on wood properties variation is needed by forest growers and timber processors to best utilise the available forest resource and to guide future management. Aim This study aims to quantify the variation in selected proper... Read More about Within- and between-stand variation in selected properties of Sitka spruce sawn timber in the UK: implications for segregation and grade recovery.

Timber grading seminar for sawmillers. (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2013, March). Timber grading seminar for sawmillers

This grading seminar will give you a crash course in timber grading, what it is, how it is done and how it is likely to change in future. It aims to demystify timber grading, tackle some widely held misconceptions, and tell you the things sawmillers... Read More about Timber grading seminar for sawmillers..

Guest Editorial (2012)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2012). Guest Editorial. ICF news, Spring,

Public engagement - what it means for researchers. (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2012, November). Public engagement - what it means for researchers. Presented at Queen Margaret University - Doctoral Student Conference

MacAulay and Co (2012)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2012). MacAulay and Co

Live performance within show. BBC Radio Scotland. 25 May 2012.

BBC Radio Scotland Comedy Café. (2011)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2011). BBC Radio Scotland Comedy Café

Contributor to pre-recorded BBC Radio Scotland programme. Also broadcast as part of the Comedy Zone programme (13 Aug 2011)

TG1/0211/10rev: Derivation of ViSCAN Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce (2011)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. R. TG1/0211/10rev: Derivation of ViSCAN Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom and Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 35 mm to 82 mm 57 mm to... Read More about TG1/0211/10rev: Derivation of ViSCAN Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce.

TG1/0211/11rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce (2011)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. R. TG1/0211/11rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-COMPACT Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom and Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 35 mm to 82 mm... Read More about TG1/0211/11rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-COMPACT Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce.

TG1/0211/12rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce (2011)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. R. TG1/0211/12rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: ViSCAN-PLUS Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom and Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 35 mm to 82 mm 57... Read More about TG1/0211/12rev: Derivation of ViSCAN-PLUS Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce.

TG1/0211/13rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce (2011)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. R. TG1/0211/13rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-702 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom and Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 35 mm to 82 mm 5... Read More about TG1/0211/13rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-702 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce.

TG1/0211/14rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce (2011)
Preprint / Working Paper
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. R. TG1/0211/14rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce

Confidential report for CEN TC124 WG2 TG1 Grading machine: GoldenEye-706 Manufacturer: MiCROTEC GmbH Growth area: United Kingdom and Ireland Species: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Norway spruce (Picea abies) (WPCS) Sizes: 35 mm to 82 mm 5... Read More about TG1/0211/14rev: Derivation of GoldenEye-706 Grading Machine Settings for British Spruce.

The shear strength and failure modes of timber joists obtained from the torsion test method. (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Khokhar, A. M., Zhang, H., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2010). The shear strength and failure modes of timber joists obtained from the torsion test method. In A. Ceccotti (Ed.), 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2010 (WTCTE 2010) (3509-3516)

This paper presents details of the experimental method and test results from a series of torsion tests undertaken to evaluate the shear strength of timber joists. The failure modes and the correlation of shear strength and torsional shear modulus we... Read More about The shear strength and failure modes of timber joists obtained from the torsion test method..

Computational issues regarding lattice models for wood (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Reichert, T., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2010). Computational issues regarding lattice models for wood. In A. Ceccotti (Ed.), 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2010 (WCTE 2010) (2127-2132)

This paper describes means to overcome some of the computational issues related to lattice models. The first is the use of a solution technique, different from a Newton-Raphson approach, called the Step-Size-Control (SSC) algorithm to handle strain-s... Read More about Computational issues regarding lattice models for wood.

The future of quality control for wood & wood products. (2010)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
(2010). The future of quality control for wood & wood products. In D. Ridley-Ellis, & J. Moore (Eds.), Proceedings of the final conference of COST Action E53

The principal aim of the COST Action E53 was to improve methods of quality control in processing round wood and timber to ensure that timber products and components meet the requirements of the users. The Action also promoted the improvement of spe... Read More about The future of quality control for wood & wood products..

Effects of genetics on the wood properties of Sitka spruce growing in the UK: bending strength and stiffness of structural timber. (2009)
Journal Article
Moore, J. R., Mochan, S. J., Brüchert, F., Hapca, A. I., Ridley-Ellis, D., Gardiner, B. A., & Lee, S. . J. (2009). Effects of genetics on the wood properties of Sitka spruce growing in the UK: bending strength and stiffness of structural timber. Forestry, 82, 491-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpp018

Mechanical tests were conducted on structural timber from a 37-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), progeny trial located in Kershope Forest, Cumbria, UK. Values of modulus of rupture (MOR) and global modulus of elasticity (MOEG) in... Read More about Effects of genetics on the wood properties of Sitka spruce growing in the UK: bending strength and stiffness of structural timber..

Determination of shear strength of timber joists by torsion testing. (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Khokhar, A. M., Zhang, H., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2009). Determination of shear strength of timber joists by torsion testing. In J. A. Santos (Ed.), Proceedings of COST E53 conference "Economic and Technical aspects of quality control for wood and wood produ

This paper presents an experimental investigation in which the torsion testing approach was employed to evaluate the shear strength of Sitka spruce and Norway spruce joists. Rectangular structural size specimens of lengths ranging from 1.0 m to 3.6... Read More about Determination of shear strength of timber joists by torsion testing..

The use of acoustic-based NDT to predict the wood properties of UK-grown Sitka spruce at different stages in the wood supply chain. (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Moore, J., Lyon, A. J., Searles, G. J., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2009). The use of acoustic-based NDT to predict the wood properties of UK-grown Sitka spruce at different stages in the wood supply chain. In H. Zhang, & X. Wang (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th I

This paper is concerned with the extent to which portable stress-wave-based instruments can be used to segregate Sitka spruce trees and logs; in particular the relationship between acoustic velocity and the properties of sawn timber. Measurements wer... Read More about The use of acoustic-based NDT to predict the wood properties of UK-grown Sitka spruce at different stages in the wood supply chain..

Strategic Integrated Research in Timber: Getting the most out of the UK's timber resource. (2009)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Moore, J., Lyon, A. J., Searles, G. J., & Gardiner, B. A. (2009). Strategic Integrated Research in Timber: Getting the most out of the UK's timber resource. Non-conventional Materials and Technologies,

Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is the United Kingdom’s main commercial tree species accounting for nearly one-third of the UK's total woodland area and half of its conifer estate. Sawn timber from this species readily grades to the C16 strength clas... Read More about Strategic Integrated Research in Timber: Getting the most out of the UK's timber resource..

Random acts of elasticity: MoE, G and EN408. (2009)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Moore, J., & Khokhar, A. M. (2009). Random acts of elasticity: MoE, G and EN408.

The paper examines the variation in modulus of elasticity (MoE) and shear modulus (G) within sawn timber and the implications for testing timber in accordance with EN408:2003. A combination of mechanical testing and simple analytical modelling is us... Read More about Random acts of elasticity: MoE, G and EN408..

Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests (2008)
Journal Article
Khokhar, A. M., Zhang, H., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. (2008). Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests. Timber Engineering,

This paper presents details of the experimental method, and preliminary results from, a series of torsion tests undertaken to evaluate the shear modulus of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) timber. Direct torsion tests were used to determine the variat... Read More about Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests.

Recruiting Women into Scottish Wood Chain Industries (2008)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., MacPherson, S., & Thomson, E. (2008). Recruiting Women into Scottish Wood Chain Industries. Timber Engineering, 1, 477-485

In common with many countries, the composition and attitudes of Scotland’s population are changing. It is the regions where the industries in the wood products value chain are based that are expected to change most dramatically. These industries cont... Read More about Recruiting Women into Scottish Wood Chain Industries.

Bubble hunters 3D. (2008)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). Bubble hunters 3D

Short video invited to be shown in the 3D theatre session of the 2009 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications conference, California

Online learning for the forest and timber industries. (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Nolte, S., & Condon, P. (2008). Online learning for the forest and timber industries. In 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2008 (461-469)

Online learning offers advantages for all levels of training and development in the timber industries, from new recruits at technician level to chartered professionals. Learners and employers both value the flexibility it affords, while educators val... Read More about Online learning for the forest and timber industries..

Dynamic performance of multi-webbed engineered timber joists (2008)
Journal Article
Bahadori-Jahromi, A., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). Dynamic performance of multi-webbed engineered timber joists. Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, 18, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1179/wsc.2008.18.2.87

The introduction of engineered beams offered longer span, lower cost joists in comparison to traditional solid timber sections; however, vibration criteria in the design codes may significantly reduce the permissible span of joists for domestic const... Read More about Dynamic performance of multi-webbed engineered timber joists.

Strength grading and the end user – lessons from the SIRT project at Napier University (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Moore, J., & Lyon, A. J. (2008). Strength grading and the end user – lessons from the SIRT project at Napier University.

The paper reviews the research that has been undertaken by the Strategic Integrated Research in Timber (SIRT) project at Napier University, with reference to the technologies, techniques and approaches required to grade the UK’s timber resource accor... Read More about Strength grading and the end user – lessons from the SIRT project at Napier University.

Properties of UK-Grown Sitka Spruce: Extent and Sources of Variation. (2008)
Journal Article
Moore, J., Lyon, A. J., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gardiner, B. A. (2008). Properties of UK-Grown Sitka Spruce: Extent and Sources of Variation. Timber Engineering,

Structural timber produced from Sitka spruce plantations in the UK typically achieves the requirements for the C16 strength class. However, very little is known about the variability of this plantation resource, or the factors that contribute to this... Read More about Properties of UK-Grown Sitka Spruce: Extent and Sources of Variation..

3D lattice model for post-yield and fracture behaviour of timber. (2008)
Journal Article
Reichert, T., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). 3D lattice model for post-yield and fracture behaviour of timber. Timber Engineering,

The paper describes the development of a bespoke Finite Element program to model timber with a three dimensional lattice of single spring elements. These springs mimic meso-scale timber behaviour, namely the crushing and separation of fibre bunches b... Read More about 3D lattice model for post-yield and fracture behaviour of timber..

Promoting the science and engineering of timber to children. (2008)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). Promoting the science and engineering of timber to children. Timber Engineering,

The UK’s young people are generally very poorly informed about the opportunities that exist for them in wood science and timber engineering, and commonly perceive the sector to be old-fashioned, unrewarding, environmentally damaging, and requiring of... Read More about Promoting the science and engineering of timber to children..

Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Khokhar, A., Zhang, H., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Moore, J. (2008). Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests. In 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2008 (2137-2144)

This paper presents details of the experimental method, and preliminary results from, a series of torsion tests undertaken to evaluate the shear modulus of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) timber. Direct torsion tests were used to determine the variat... Read More about Determining the Shear Modulus of Sitka Spruce from Torsion Tests.

Do people grow on trees? Guidance for employers in the Scottish forest and timber industries. (2008)
Report
Bond, S., Thomson, E., MacPherson, S., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). Do people grow on trees? Guidance for employers in the Scottish forest and timber industries

The final report for the Forest Industries Recruitment and Retention (FIRRS) project. Forests and their products are hugely important to the economic and environmental sustainability of Scotland’s economy and influence many aspects of Scottish soc... Read More about Do people grow on trees? Guidance for employers in the Scottish forest and timber industries..

Timber trumps. (2008)
Digital Artefact
Cavers, A., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2008). Timber trumps

online (Flash) game about wood properties

Whack-a-stick discovery. (2007)
Digital Artefact
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2007). Whack-a-stick discovery

This flash animation is a powerful simulation of the longitudinal vibration of a solid beam (the basic physics behind modern non-destructive methods of testing timber battens to measure stiffness and predict strength. You can see the effect of str... Read More about Whack-a-stick discovery..

Torsion tests on small and large-scale RHS with circular wall cut-outs (2007)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Owen, J. S., & Davies, G. (2007). Torsion tests on small and large-scale RHS with circular wall cut-outs.

The results of small and large-scale torsion tests on rectangular section tubes with circular wall perforations are presented and discussed. Perforations are shown to cause the torsional resistance to be re-duced by up to 60% and stiffness to be redu... Read More about Torsion tests on small and large-scale RHS with circular wall cut-outs.

The Educational Needs of the Timber Industries – Report of an Online Survey by the Centre for Timber Engineering. (2006)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Nolte, S. (2006). The Educational Needs of the Timber Industries – Report of an Online Survey by the Centre for Timber Engineering

This survey was conducted by the Centre for Timber Engineering (CTE) in summer 2005 to investigate the educational needs and preferences of the timber industries. Both employers and employees were asked to define and articulate curriculum and skills... Read More about The Educational Needs of the Timber Industries – Report of an Online Survey by the Centre for Timber Engineering..

Timber Engineering Online. (2006)
Journal Article
Nolte, S., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2006). Timber Engineering Online. Timber Engineering,

This paper highlights some of the opportunities, challenges and issues encountered in creating online teaching and learning materials for timber engineering that provide an experience equivalent to face-to-face teaching for the student. It introduces... Read More about Timber Engineering Online..

Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of Single Shear Bolted Joints. (2006)
Journal Article
Reichert, T., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2006). Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of Single Shear Bolted Joints. Timber Engineering,

Findings are presented of the first stage of an investigation of second-order effects that influence the resistance and stiffness of single shear bolted joints. These effects develop as a result of joint deformation and the rotation of all, or part,... Read More about Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of Single Shear Bolted Joints..

Women in education and training for the Scottish wood chain (2006)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Wise, S. (2006). Women in education and training for the Scottish wood chain. Timber Engineering,

The paper introduces a new project at Napier University in Edinburgh into the issues surrounding entry, progression and retention of female students for courses relating to the growing, processing and utilisation of timber for use in the built enviro... Read More about Women in education and training for the Scottish wood chain.

Timber Plate Dynamics with Space-Time Finite Element (2006)
Journal Article
Zhang, H., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Hapca, A. I. (2006). Timber Plate Dynamics with Space-Time Finite Element. Timber Engineering,

A new space-time finite element formulation for dynamic analysis of timber plates is presented. The method is based on an unconventional Hamilton variational principle and a special technique in time domain interpolation is employed. For the simple c... Read More about Timber Plate Dynamics with Space-Time Finite Element.

The performance of a new blind bolt for moment-resisting connections. (2003)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Tizani, W., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2003). The performance of a new blind bolt for moment-resisting connections. In M. A. Jaurrieta, A. Alonso, & J. A. Chica (Eds.), Tubular Structures X: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium, Madrid, Spain, 18-20 S

The paper introduces the principal findings of a testing programme carried out to assess the performance of a newly developed blind-bolt. The blind-bolt, an evolution of the Lindapter-Hollobolt, is in-tended for use when making moment-resisting conne... Read More about The performance of a new blind bolt for moment-resisting connections..

Design of RHS for torsion using simplified thick wall theory. (2003)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Owen, J. S., & Davies, G. (2003). Design of RHS for torsion using simplified thick wall theory. The structural engineer : journal of the Institution of Structural Engineers, 81, 31-36

The theory of torsion in Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) is reviewed and discussed with reference to design code treatments in the UK, Europe and the USA. The classical theories based on thin wall and thick wall assumptions are compared, and thick... Read More about Design of RHS for torsion using simplified thick wall theory..

Torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections (2003)
Journal Article
Ridley-Ellis, D., Owen, J. S., & Davies, G. (2003). Torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 59, 641-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X%2802%2900060-3

The results of a series of full-scale torsion tests on rectangular hollow sections (RHS) are presented and discussed. The observed torque–twist behaviour is compared to that predicted by an extended version of Marshall’s simplified thick wall torsion... Read More about Torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections.

Theoretical and measured torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections. (2002)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Owen, J. S., & Davies, G. (2002). Theoretical and measured torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections.

Theories for torsion of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) are compared and thick wall theory is shown to be a better representation of behaviour. The results of torsion tests on hot-finished steel RHS are discussed and compared to the predictions of... Read More about Theoretical and measured torsional behaviour of rectangular hollow sections..

Flexural behaviour of Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular side wall openings. (2001)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. J., Owen, J. S., & Davies, G. (2001). Flexural behaviour of Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular side wall openings. In R. Puthli, & S. Herion (Eds.), Tubular Structures IX : Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium and Euroc

The influence of circular web openings on the flexura behaviour of Rectangular Hollow Sections is introduced. The results of full-scale laboratory tests in three and four-point bending and the development of analytical finite element models to predi... Read More about Flexural behaviour of Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular side wall openings..

Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular web openings. (2000)
Thesis
Ridley-Ellis, D. Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular web openings. (Thesis). The University of Nottingham. Retrieved from http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/id/eprint/8229

The primary aim of the project was to develop the basis for a set of rules to be used in the design of RHS slim floor edge beams with web openings. However, since the research is fundamental in nature, the findings are also applicable to other situa... Read More about Rectangular Hollow Sections with circular web openings..

Fundamental behaviour of rectangular hollow sections with web openings. (1998)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Davies, G., & Owen, J. S. (1998). Fundamental behaviour of rectangular hollow sections with web openings. In Y. S. Choo, & G. J. van der Vegte (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Tubular Structures (ISTS) (167-175)

Rectangular Hollow Sections as Slim Floor edge beams (1998)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Davies, G., & Owen, J. S. (1998). Rectangular Hollow Sections as Slim Floor edge beams. In D. Dubina, I. Vayas, & V. Ungureanu (Eds.), New Technologies and Structures in Civil Engineering – case studies on remarkable constructions (145

Presented at Trends and developments in building, TEMPUS JEP 11297, Iasi (Romania), May 1998

Edinburgh Beltane Beacon Public Engagement Fellowship - Final Report.
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2012). Edinburgh Beltane Beacon Public Engagement Fellowship - Final Report. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh Napier University

This report gives an overview of my activities relating to public engagement since the beginning of my Public Engagement Fellowship in March 2011. Covers a description of activities and thoughts on good practice for public engagement.

Impact of clause 5.3.2 in EN384:2010 on grading of timber - Report to UKTGC 18/05/2011
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. (in press). Impact of clause 5.3.2 in EN384:2010 on grading of timber - Report to UKTGC 18/05/2011. Edinburgh Napier Research Repository: UK Timber Grading Committee

Report to the UK Timber Grading Committee This report outlines the issues related to the application of clause 5.3.2 in EN384:2010 “Structural timber - Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density” which is used in... Read More about Impact of clause 5.3.2 in EN384:2010 on grading of timber - Report to UKTGC 18/05/2011.

TG1/201804/13rev2 Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. TG1/201804/13rev2 Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). NUI Galway

In this report, settings for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), PSMN, are derived for the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom for the following strength class combinations: C40/C30/C16, C40/C27/C16, C40/C24/C16, C35/18, C35/1... Read More about TG1/201804/13rev2 Derivation of Goldeneye 706 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

TG1 201804 14rev1 Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. TG1 201804 14rev1 Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). NUI Galway

In this report, settings for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), PSMN, are derived for the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom for the following strength class combinations: C40/C30/C16, C40/C27/C16, C40/C24/C16, C35/C18, C35/... Read More about TG1 201804 14rev1 Derivation of Viscan Compact and Viscan portable with balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

TG1 201804 15rev1 Derivation of Viscan Plus machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. TG1 201804 15rev1 Derivation of Viscan Plus machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). NUI Galway

In this report, settings for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), PSMN, are derived for the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom for the following strength class combinations: C40/C30/C16, C40/C27/C16, C40/C24/C16, C35/C18, C35/... Read More about TG1 201804 15rev1 Derivation of Viscan Plus machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

TG1 201804 17 Rev2 Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. TG1 201804 17 Rev2 Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). NUI Galway

In this report, settings for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), PSMN, are derived for the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom for the following strength class combinations: C30/C16, C27/C16, C24/C16, C24/C14, C22/C14, C20/C14... Read More about TG1 201804 17 Rev2 Derivation of Viscan and Viscan portable without balance grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

TG1 201804 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes)
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Gil-Moreno, D. TG1 201804 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes). NUI Galway

In this report, settings for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), PSMN, are derived for the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom for the following strength class combinations: C35/C18, C35/C16, C30/C16, C27/C16, C24/C16, C24/C14... Read More about TG1 201804 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for Douglas fir (IE & GB, C classes).

TG1 201810 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce tiling battens
Report
Ridley-Ellis, D. TG1 201810 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce tiling battens. Coillte

In this report, settings for ‘British Spruce’ (WPCS: Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] and Norway spruce [Picea abies]) are derived for the United Kingdom (GB) and Ireland (IE) for the following strength class combinations: C14 / reject batten14 / re... Read More about TG1 201810 16 Derivation of Goldeneye 702 grading machine settings for British Spruce tiling battens.