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Outputs (144)

Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M. (2024, May). Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method. Presented at 11th Hardwood Conference, Sopron, Hungary

Compression strength perpendicular to grain is an important timber property that governs the bearing strength of beams and might influence connection design. According to modern standards, the design value for compression strength is determined accor... Read More about Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method.

BM TRADA Webinar Part 2: Machine Strength Grading (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2024, April). BM TRADA Webinar Part 2: Machine Strength Grading. Presented at BM TRADA Technical Timber Webinars 2024, Online

Strength grading of solid timber – overcoming some common misconceptions.

Slides covering machine strength grading, stamps, and EN1912 revision

Timber (2024)
Book Chapter
Cramer, M., & Tamagnone, G. (2024). Timber. In H. Hartman, & J. Jack Williams (Eds.), Materials: An environmental primer (230-253). RIBA

The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M. (2023, November). The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods. Presented at ICWSE 2023, Brașov, Romania

Recent research in Europe is bringing a wider range of wood species to the construction market as structural timber and glue laminated products. This option would also open markets for currently underused UK species, foremost hardwoods, but testing e... Read More about The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods.

Models to predict the radial variation of stiffness, strength, and density in planted noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar in Great Britain (2023)
Journal Article
Gil-Moreno, D., MClean, J. P., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2023). Models to predict the radial variation of stiffness, strength, and density in planted noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar in Great Britain. Annals of Forest Science, 80, Article 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01214-7

Key message: This study compares the measured radial variation in wood stiffness, strength, and density of noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar by developing mixed-effects models for each property using age as the explanat... Read More about Models to predict the radial variation of stiffness, strength, and density in planted noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar in Great Britain.

Strength grading options for unusual resources (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2023, October). Strength grading options for unusual resources. Paper presented at WSE: 19th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, Oslo, Norway

Considerations for grading species combinations. General remarks on scenarios and requirements (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., Gil-Moreno, D., & Harte, A. M. (2023, June). Considerations for grading species combinations. General remarks on scenarios and requirements. Presented at World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023: Timber for a Livable Future, Oslo, Norway

This paper discusses the situations in which timber species might be combined in commercial combinations, and the considerations relating to strength grading work. It is expected that more species combinations will be developed in the years to come,... Read More about Considerations for grading species combinations. General remarks on scenarios and requirements.

Considerations for grading species combinations. The example of Douglas fir with larch in Ireland and UK (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gil-Moreno, D., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Harte, A. M. (2023, June). Considerations for grading species combinations. The example of Douglas fir with larch in Ireland and UK. Presented at World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023: Timber for a Livable Future, Oslo, Norway

This paper examines the grading of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and larch (Larix spp.) as a strength grading species combination for the growth area formed by Ireland and the UK. The two genera produce higher timber quality than Sitka spruce (... Read More about Considerations for grading species combinations. The example of Douglas fir with larch in Ireland and UK.

Non-parametric lower confidence bounds for the fifth percentile - EN 14358 in comparison to a fully non-parametric approach (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Weidenhiller, A., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Neumüller, A. (2023, June). Non-parametric lower confidence bounds for the fifth percentile - EN 14358 in comparison to a fully non-parametric approach. Presented at World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2023: Timber for a Livable Future, Oslo, Norway

In Europe, fifth percentile values are required for the calculation of characteristic values of strength and density. The European standard EN 14358:2016 defined three ways to calculate a 75% lower confidence bound (LCB) for such fifth percentile val... Read More about Non-parametric lower confidence bounds for the fifth percentile - EN 14358 in comparison to a fully non-parametric approach.

How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887 (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Sandin, Y., Cramer, M., & Sandberg, K. (2023, June). How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887. Presented at World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), Oslo

There is a need for a shift towards circular economy in the building and construction sector. Design for deconstruction and reuse (DfDR) and design for adaptability (DfA) have been suggested as means to facilitate reuse of buildings and diminish wast... Read More about How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887.

Timber in Construction: Skills Action Plan (2023)
Report
Duncheva, M., Vokes, C., Connell-Skinner, K., & Hairstans, R. (2023). Timber in Construction: Skills Action Plan. Hereford: New Model Institute for Technology & Engineering (NMITE)

The UK needs to increase the use of timber in construction to achieve its Net Zero targets. But strengthening timber supply chains and boosting use of homegrown timber needs a workforce able to make best use of this renewable resource.

The Timber... Read More about Timber in Construction: Skills Action Plan.

Wood properties & strength grading (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, December). Wood properties & strength grading. Presented at James Jones & Sons Architects' and Structural Engineers' Open Day, Lockerbie

James Jones & Sons held an open day for architects and structural engineers at its flagship sawmill site in Lockerbie.

"James Jones & Sons' new visitor building at its flagship sawmill site in Lockerbie has attracted considerable interest in the... Read More about Wood properties & strength grading.

The assessment of the mechanical and physical properties of in situ timber (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bather, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, September). The assessment of the mechanical and physical properties of in situ timber. Paper presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 2022, Goettingen, Germany

The refurbishment of existing buildings is a more sustainable option than demolition and reconstruction, leading to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and many other benefits. Policy across Europe is leaning more towards retaining and upgrading... Read More about The assessment of the mechanical and physical properties of in situ timber.

Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, September). Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality. Paper presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 2022, Goettingen, Germany

UK-grown timber is often perceived to have “low quality”, and most of the UK’s sawn timber is used for fencing and packaging material. Much of the resource could be used as construction timber, as UK spruce and other softwoods can be strength graded... Read More about Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality.

A little about the verification of a lot (EN 14358) (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, September). A little about the verification of a lot (EN 14358). Paper presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 2022, Goettingen, Germany

Sometimes it is necessary to estimate the mean and/or percentile of a certain population by limited sampling, in order to compare with target values. Done properly, the method should account for random chance in the sampling so that the two risks can... Read More about A little about the verification of a lot (EN 14358).

Structural Material Demand and Associated Embodied Carbon Emissions of the United States Building Stock: 2020-2100 (2022)
Journal Article
Arehart, J., Pomponi, F., D'Amico, B., & Srubar, W. (2022). Structural Material Demand and Associated Embodied Carbon Emissions of the United States Building Stock: 2020-2100. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 186, Article 106583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106583

This study uses material flow analysis to estimate the material stocks and flows and associated upfront embodied carbon emissions for gravity building structural systems in the United States. Seven scenarios that align with the shared-socioeconomic p... Read More about Structural Material Demand and Associated Embodied Carbon Emissions of the United States Building Stock: 2020-2100.

Dangerous Liaisons: Neoliberal Tropes of the ‘Normal’ and ‘Middle-Class Respectability’ in the Post-socialist LG(BT) Activism (2022)
Book Chapter
Kulpa, R. (2022). Dangerous Liaisons: Neoliberal Tropes of the ‘Normal’ and ‘Middle-Class Respectability’ in the Post-socialist LG(BT) Activism. In M. Blidon, & S. D. Brunn (Eds.), Mapping LGBTQ Spaces and Places. A Changing World (279-291). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03792-4_17

This chapter explores the emerging, post-1989 logics of neoliberalisation of gender and sexuality activism in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE). By looking at a case study from the early 2000s LG(BT) activism in Poland (the impactful “Niech Nas Zobaczą” /... Read More about Dangerous Liaisons: Neoliberal Tropes of the ‘Normal’ and ‘Middle-Class Respectability’ in the Post-socialist LG(BT) Activism.

Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies (2022)
Report
Sandin, Y., Shotton, E., Cramer, M., Sandberg, K., Walsh, S. J., González-Alegre, V., Östling, J., Cristescu, C., Íñiguez-González, G., Llana, D. F., Carlsson, A., Uí Chúláin, C., Jackson, N., García Barbero, M., & Zabala Mejia, A. (2022). Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies. ForestValue

There is a need for a shift towards circular economy in the construction sector and design philosophies as Design for Deconstruction and Reuse (DfDR) and Design for Adaptability (DfA) are being developed as means to design out waste and enhance resou... Read More about Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies.