Dr Anna Watson's Outputs (30)

A dynamic integrative view of signaling strategies during the franchisee recruitment process (2025)
Journal Article
Le Bot, C., Perrigot, R., Watson, A., & Cliquet, G. (2025). A dynamic integrative view of signaling strategies during the franchisee recruitment process. Industrial Marketing Management, 127, 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2025.04.002

During the franchisee recruitment process, franchisors and franchisee candidates must both engage and screen each other to determine whether they are a suitable match. To facilitate this, they usually exchange a number of signals that reduce informat... Read More about A dynamic integrative view of signaling strategies during the franchisee recruitment process.

Multiple identities in franchising (2024)
Journal Article
Grünhagen, M., Watson, A., González-Díaz, M., & Dada, O. L. (2025). Multiple identities in franchising. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21(1), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01046-5

The extant literature on organizational identification has explored the existence and interactions between different levels of identification that individuals may hold within the same organization. Such research has tended to focus on nested groups w... Read More about Multiple identities in franchising.

Franchisee well-being: The roles of entrepreneurial identity, autonomy perceptions, and franchisor management practices (2024)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Backhaus, C., El Akremi, A., Mignonac, K., & Perrigot, R. (2024). Franchisee well-being: The roles of entrepreneurial identity, autonomy perceptions, and franchisor management practices. Industrial Marketing Management, 123, 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.11.001

Using two-level data drawn from franchisors and their franchisees, this paper explores how individual and work characteristics influence franchisee well-being. Franchising is an interesting context in which to examine well-being, given the boundary s... Read More about Franchisee well-being: The roles of entrepreneurial identity, autonomy perceptions, and franchisor management practices.

Going the extra mile: Unveiling the roots of franchisee organisational citizenship behaviours in franchise systems (2024)
Journal Article
Grünhagen, M., Watson, A., & Croonen, E. (2025). Going the extra mile: Unveiling the roots of franchisee organisational citizenship behaviours in franchise systems. International Small Business Journal, 43(2), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426241292035

While researchers and practitioners have recognised the essential role of employee organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), there is an absence of their consideration within franchise systems as a unique context. We aim to address this gap by ex... Read More about Going the extra mile: Unveiling the roots of franchisee organisational citizenship behaviours in franchise systems.

Influential factors of pro‐environmental behaviors among franchisees in the fast‐food sector (2023)
Journal Article
Dada, O. (., Perrigot, R., & Watson, A. (2024). Influential factors of pro‐environmental behaviors among franchisees in the fast‐food sector. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(3), 2301-2313. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3599

In spite of the increasing attention on environmental sustainability, there is a dearth of knowledge about franchisees' pro-environmental behaviors. This study aims to understand the factors that influence the extent to which franchisees engage in pr... Read More about Influential factors of pro‐environmental behaviors among franchisees in the fast‐food sector.

The effects of green brand image on brand loyalty: The case of mainstream fast food brands (2023)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Perrigot, R., & Dada, O. (. (2024). The effects of green brand image on brand loyalty: The case of mainstream fast food brands. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 806-819. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3523

While a number of studies have explored consumer attitudes and behaviors towards green brands, the importance of green brand image for mainstream brands is less well understood. This study seeks to explore if the green image of mainstream fast food b... Read More about The effects of green brand image on brand loyalty: The case of mainstream fast food brands.

Sustainability and green practices: The role of stakeholder power in fast-food franchise chains (2021)
Journal Article
Perrigot, R., Watson, A., & (Lola) Dada, O. (2021). Sustainability and green practices: The role of stakeholder power in fast-food franchise chains. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3442-3464. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2021-0269

Purpose - This paper explores how the power of salient stakeholders involved in the green waste management of franchise chains can impact the ability of the chains to change their green practices.
Design/methodology/approach - This qualitative stud... Read More about Sustainability and green practices: The role of stakeholder power in fast-food franchise chains.

The influence of entrepreneurial personality on franchisee performance: A cross-cultural analysis (2020)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Dada, O. (., López-Fernández, B., & Perrigot, R. (2020). The influence of entrepreneurial personality on franchisee performance: A cross-cultural analysis. International Small Business Journal, 38(7), 605-628. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620914520

Through a survey-based study of 761 franchisees from four countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Spain – this research examines how a franchisee’s entrepreneurial personality traits affects the financial and relational performan... Read More about The influence of entrepreneurial personality on franchisee performance: A cross-cultural analysis.

Acts of hidden franchisee innovation and innovation adoption within franchise systems (2020)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Senyard, J., & Dada, O. (. (2020). Acts of hidden franchisee innovation and innovation adoption within franchise systems. Industrial Marketing Management, 89, 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.005

Franchising, as an imitative business model, provides a challenging context to create and manage innovation, as franchisors may wish to limit their franchisees' innovative activities to ensure network consistency. Drawing on data from two related emp... Read More about Acts of hidden franchisee innovation and innovation adoption within franchise systems.

Entrepreneurial Orientation Rhetoric in Franchise Organizations: The Impact of National Culture (2017)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Dada, O. (., Wright, O., & Perrigot, R. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation Rhetoric in Franchise Organizations: The Impact of National Culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(4), 751-772. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717738519

This study examines the role of national culture on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric contained within franchisee recruitment promotional materials, where EO rhetoric is defined as the strategic use of words in organizational narratives t... Read More about Entrepreneurial Orientation Rhetoric in Franchise Organizations: The Impact of National Culture.

When do franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees? An organizational identity perspective (2016)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Dada, O. (., Grünhagen, M., & Wollan, M. L. (2016). When do franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees? An organizational identity perspective. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5934-5945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.05.006

In spite of the acknowledged importance of the franchisee selection process, only a few empirical studies have examined this research area. This paper employs organizational identity theory to explain when the franchisor desires to select specificall... Read More about When do franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees? An organizational identity perspective.

Does size matter? An exploration of the role of body size on brand image perceptions (2015)
Journal Article
Watson, A., Lecki, N. K., & Lebcir, M. (2015). Does size matter? An exploration of the role of body size on brand image perceptions. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 24(3), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-05-2014-0616

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the role of body size on female consumers’ fashion brand image perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental design was used whereby the model’s body size in a fictitious advert was digitally man... Read More about Does size matter? An exploration of the role of body size on brand image perceptions.

Entrepreneurial tendencies in franchising: Evidence from the uk (2015)
Journal Article
Lola Dada, O., Watson, A., & Kirby, D. (2015). Entrepreneurial tendencies in franchising: Evidence from the uk. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(1), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-11-2011-0021

Purpose
In spite of the important contributions of franchising to many economies, it remains unclear whether it truly provides a scope for entrepreneurial tendencies to flourish amongst franchisees. The purpose of this paper is to examine the debate... Read More about Entrepreneurial tendencies in franchising: Evidence from the uk.

Entrepreneurial orientation and the franchise system: Organisational antecedents and performance outcomes (2013)
Journal Article
Dada, O., & Watson, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and the franchise system: Organisational antecedents and performance outcomes. European Journal of Marketing, 47(5/6), 790-812. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561311306877

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the franchisor's perception of the role of entrepreneurial strategic orientation (EO) – innovative, risk‐taking, and proactive actions – within the special case of franchised firms, given the opposi... Read More about Entrepreneurial orientation and the franchise system: Organisational antecedents and performance outcomes.

The moderating influence of HR operational autonomy on the entrepreneurial orientation–performance link in franchise systems (2013)
Journal Article
Grünhagen, M., Wollan, M., Dada, O., & Watson, A. (2014). The moderating influence of HR operational autonomy on the entrepreneurial orientation–performance link in franchise systems. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10, 827-844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0270-7

This study investigates the concept of HR Operational Autonomy, i.e., the freedom a franchisor offers to franchisees throughout the system with regards to their creation of HR practices. It is shown to have a significant positive moderating effect on... Read More about The moderating influence of HR operational autonomy on the entrepreneurial orientation–performance link in franchise systems.

The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the franchise relationship (2012)
Journal Article
Dada, O., & Watson, A. (2013). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the franchise relationship. International Small Business Journal, 31(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242612446035

This article aims to understand how the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the franchise system may impact franchisor–franchisee relationship quality, given the conflicting forces for standardization/uniformity and franchisee desire for autonomy. A... Read More about The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the franchise relationship.

Toward a model of franchisee entrepreneurship (2011)
Journal Article
Dada, O., Watson, A., & Kirby, D. (2012). Toward a model of franchisee entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal, 30(5), 559-583. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610376078

This study provides a deeper understanding of the relevance of the entrepreneurship phenomenon to the franchisee context. A number of studies have echoed that the franchisee plays an important role in the generation of new ideas and innovations for t... Read More about Toward a model of franchisee entrepreneurship.

Managing the franchisor-franchisee relationship: A relationship marketing perspective (2010)
Journal Article
Watson, A., & Johnson, R. (2010). Managing the franchisor-franchisee relationship: A relationship marketing perspective. Journal of Marketing Channels, 17(1), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10466690903436305

Since the emergence of the relationship marketing paradigm, researchers have increasingly considered why some efforts at relationship marketing are more successful than others. This article explores this subject within the context of a particular for... Read More about Managing the franchisor-franchisee relationship: A relationship marketing perspective.

Small business growth through franchising: A qualitative investigation (2008)
Journal Article
Watson, A. (2008). Small business growth through franchising: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Marketing Channels, 15(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10466690802081350

Although franchising has long been recognised as an attractive means of growing a business, the impact of franchising for small businesses is an area that is relatively less researched and understood. Whilst resource scarcity and agency theory sugges... Read More about Small business growth through franchising: A qualitative investigation.

Exploring the dilemma of local sourcing versus international development - The case of the flower industry (2008)
Journal Article
Holt, D., & Watson, A. (2008). Exploring the dilemma of local sourcing versus international development - The case of the flower industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(5), 318-329. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.623

This paper examines the debate surrounding local versus international sourcing of retail products, particularly food and flowers, in light of the emerging carbon imperative. It begins by examining the Fairtrade market and then examines ‘food miles’ a... Read More about Exploring the dilemma of local sourcing versus international development - The case of the flower industry.