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Can sensory integration have a role in multi‐element behavioural intervention? An evaluation of factors associated with the management of challenging behaviour in community adult learning disability services (2020)
Journal Article
McGill, C., & Breen, C. J. (2020). Can sensory integration have a role in multi‐element behavioural intervention? An evaluation of factors associated with the management of challenging behaviour in community adult learning disability services. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(2), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12308

1.1 Introduction
Adults with complex needs and severe learning disability present as a serious management problem within the community. Restrictive interventions are often used to manage adults with these issues, even though best practice recommends... Read More about Can sensory integration have a role in multi‐element behavioural intervention? An evaluation of factors associated with the management of challenging behaviour in community adult learning disability services.

ECG interpretation skill acquisition: A review of learning, teaching and assessment (2019)
Journal Article
Breen, C., Kelly, G., & Kernohan, W. (2022). ECG interpretation skill acquisition: A review of learning, teaching and assessment. Journal of Electrocardiology, 73, 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.03.010

The recording of 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) is one of the most useful and commonly performed medical procedures. ECGs are used in diagnosis, risk-stratification management decision-making, and assessment in response to therapy. The correct inte... Read More about ECG interpretation skill acquisition: A review of learning, teaching and assessment.

The Evaluation of a smartphone application to assist in novice 12 lead ECG interpretation performance (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Breen, C. (2019, March). The Evaluation of a smartphone application to assist in novice 12 lead ECG interpretation performance. Presented at Trinity Health and Education International Research Conference (THEconf2019), Dublin

Introduction: The recording of 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) is one of the most useful and commonly performed medical procedures. Interpretation of the 12-lead ECG involves analysing several waveforms (P, QRS, ST and T waves) which permits the de... Read More about The Evaluation of a smartphone application to assist in novice 12 lead ECG interpretation performance.

A clinical decision support tool to assist with the interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (2017)
Journal Article
Breen, C., Bond, R., & Finlay, D. (2019). A clinical decision support tool to assist with the interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Health Informatics Journal, 25(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458216683534

This article reports the design and testing of a novel interactive method, abbreviated to ANALYSE (systemAtic aNALYsiS of Electrocardiography) to assist interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram. 15 participants interpreted a total of 150 12-lead e... Read More about A clinical decision support tool to assist with the interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram.

Data Driven Computer Simulation to Analyse an ECG Limb Lead System Used in Connected Health Environments (2016)
Journal Article
Bond, R., Finlay, D. D., Guldenring, D., & Breen, C. (2016). Data Driven Computer Simulation to Analyse an ECG Limb Lead System Used in Connected Health Environments. Methods of Information in Medicine, 55(03), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.3414/me15-01-0120

Background: Recently under the Connected Health initiative, researchers and small-medium engineering companies have developed Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices that incorporate non-standard limb electrode positions, which we have named the C... Read More about Data Driven Computer Simulation to Analyse an ECG Limb Lead System Used in Connected Health Environments.

A novel human-computer interface creating a framework for the cognitive ergonomics of ECG interpretation (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cairns, A., Bond, R. R., Finlay, D., Breen, C., Guldenring, D., Gaffney, R., Henn, P., Gallagher, A., & Peace, A. (2016, October). A novel human-computer interface creating a framework for the cognitive ergonomics of ECG interpretation. Poster presented at Irish Human Computer Interaction Conference, Cork

Predominantly the 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation process remains a paper based approach. However, the ECG in this format creates a significant cognitive workload for an interpreter due its complexity and the plethora of knowledge that... Read More about A novel human-computer interface creating a framework for the cognitive ergonomics of ECG interpretation.

A computer-human interaction model to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making during 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretation (2016)
Journal Article
Cairns, A. W., Bond, R. R., Finlay, D. D., Breen, C., Guldenring, D., Gaffney, R., Gallagher, A. G., Peace, A. J., & Henn, P. (2016). A computer-human interaction model to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making during 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretation. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 64, 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.09.016

Introduction
The 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) presents a plethora of information and demands extensive knowledge and a high cognitive workload to interpret. Whilst the ECG is an important clinical tool, it is frequently incorrectly interpreted. E... Read More about A computer-human interaction model to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making during 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretation.

The evaluation of an open source online training system for teaching 12 lead electrocardiographic interpretation (2016)
Journal Article
Breen, C., Zhu, T., Bond, R., Finlay, D., & Clifford, G. (2016). The evaluation of an open source online training system for teaching 12 lead electrocardiographic interpretation. Journal of Electrocardiology, 49(3), 454-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.02.003

Introduction
The aim of this study is to present and evaluate the integration of a low resource JavaScript based ECG training interface (CrowdLabel) and a standardised curriculum for self-guided tuition in ECG interpretation.

Methods
Participant... Read More about The evaluation of an open source online training system for teaching 12 lead electrocardiographic interpretation.

Interactive progressive-based approach to aid the human interpretation of the 12-lead Electrocardiogram (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cairns, A. W., Bond, R. R., Finlay, D. D., Breen, C. J., Guldenring, D., Gaffney, R., Henn, P., & Peace, A. J. (2015, September). Interactive progressive-based approach to aid the human interpretation of the 12-lead Electrocardiogram. Presented at 2015 Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC), Nice, France

The 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important diagnostic support tool but is frequently incorrectly interpreted. This is partly due to the fact that even expert clinicians can impulsively provide a diagnosis based on first impression/intuition.... Read More about Interactive progressive-based approach to aid the human interpretation of the 12-lead Electrocardiogram.

Diagnosis of the Electrocardiogram Using a Smartphone (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Martin, E., Nugent, C., Bond, R., Finlay, D., & Breen, C. (2014). Diagnosis of the Electrocardiogram Using a Smartphone. In 2014 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2014.105

Electrocardiograms can be used for diagnosing various cardiac conditions. They are traditionally printed as a hard copy on thermal graph paper, which a clinician can then use to support the overall diagnosis. Nevertheless, as technology evolves aspec... Read More about Diagnosis of the Electrocardiogram Using a Smartphone.

An evaluation of eye tracking technology in the assessment of 12 lead electrocardiography interpretation (2014)
Journal Article
Breen, C. J., Bond, R., & Finlay, D. (2014). An evaluation of eye tracking technology in the assessment of 12 lead electrocardiography interpretation. Journal of Electrocardiology, 47(6), 922-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.08.008

Introduction
This study investigated eye tracking technology for 12 lead electrocardiography interpretation to Healthcare Scientist students.

Methods
Participants (n = 33) interpreted ten 12 lead ECG recordings and randomized to receive objectiv... Read More about An evaluation of eye tracking technology in the assessment of 12 lead electrocardiography interpretation.

Assessing computerized eye tracking technology for gaining insight into expert interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram: an objective quantitative approach (2014)
Journal Article
Bond, R., Zhu, T., Finlay, D., Drew, B., Kligfield, P., Guldenring, D., Breen, C., Gallagher, A., Daly, M., & Clifford, G. (2014). Assessing computerized eye tracking technology for gaining insight into expert interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram: an objective quantitative approach. Journal of Electrocardiology, 47(6), 895-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.07.011

Introduction
It is well known that accurate interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) requires a high degree of skill. There is also a moderate degree of variability among those who interpret the ECG. While this is the case, there are no... Read More about Assessing computerized eye tracking technology for gaining insight into expert interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram: an objective quantitative approach.

An interactive tool for the evaluation of ECG visualisation formats (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Martin, E. S., Finlay, D. D., Nugent, C. D., Bond, R. R., & Breen, C. (2013). An interactive tool for the evaluation of ECG visualisation formats. In Computing in Cardiology 2013

Electrocardiograms are typically printed on graph paper. Based on these recordings clinicians look for changes in the various waveforms when they make a diagnosis. In some cases, however, these changes are not always obvious on the standard printed 1... Read More about An interactive tool for the evaluation of ECG visualisation formats.

Assessing perception of new methods that represent ST deviation (2012)
Journal Article
Bond, R., Finlay, D., Breen, C., Nugent, C., Guldenring, D., & Martin, E. (2012). Assessing perception of new methods that represent ST deviation. Journal of Electrocardiology, 45(6), 698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2012.08.041

The ST Map is a new method to assess acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although variations of the ST Map do exist, Philips Healthcare has been the first to integrate its approach into clinical practice. This study assessed student perception of the... Read More about Assessing perception of new methods that represent ST deviation.

The effects of electrode misplacement on clinicians’ interpretation of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (2012)
Journal Article
Bond, R., Finlay, D., Nugent, C., Breen, C., Guldenring, D., & Daly, M. (2012). The effects of electrode misplacement on clinicians’ interpretation of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 23(7), 610-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2012.03.011

Introduction
This study investigates how a particular incorrect electrode configuration affects the 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG).

Methods
A correct and an incorrect 12-lead ECG were extracted from a 192-lead BSPM. This was done for 232 BSPMs... Read More about The effects of electrode misplacement on clinicians’ interpretation of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram.

Evaluation of a direct access cardiac arrhythmia monitoring service (2012)
Journal Article
Skipsey, D. A., Dawson, F. M., Breen, C., & Leslie, S. J. (2012). Evaluation of a direct access cardiac arrhythmia monitoring service. Cardiology, 19(1), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.2012.0010

Background: This paper describes the clinical outcomes from a novel direct access arrhythmia monitoring service.

Methods: The study was carried out in the north of Scotland. Data was collected over a 29 month period between 18 June 2008 and 8 Nov... Read More about Evaluation of a direct access cardiac arrhythmia monitoring service.

The utility of a 12-lead electrocardiogram electrode misplacement simulator in education (2011)
Journal Article
Bond, R., Finlay, D., Nugent, C., Moore, G., Breen, C., Wagner, G., & Guldenring, D. (2011). The utility of a 12-lead electrocardiogram electrode misplacement simulator in education. Journal of Electrocardiology, 44(6), 748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2011.09.025

A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded using 6 precordial electrodes and 3 limb electrodes, all of which are positioned at precise anatomical landmarks. Nevertheless, up to 4% of all 12-lead ECGs are recorded with incorrect electrode... Read More about The utility of a 12-lead electrocardiogram electrode misplacement simulator in education.