Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response

Wheelhouse, Nick; Coyle, Christopher; Barlow, Peter G.; Mitchell, Stephen; Greub, Gilbert; Baszler, Tim; Rae, Mick T.; Longbottom, David

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Waddlia chondrophila (W. chondrophila) is an emerging abortifacient organism which has been identified in the placentae of humans and cattle. The organism is a member of the order Chlamydiales, and shares many similarities at the genome level and in growth studies with other well-characterised zoonotic chlamydial abortifacients, such as Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus). This study investigates the growth of the organism and its effects upon pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a ruminant placental cell line which we have previously utilised in a model of C. abortus pathogenicity.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

Using qPCR, fluorescent immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we characterised the infection and growth of W. chondrophila within the ovine trophoblast AH-1 cell line. Inclusions were visible from 6 h post-infection (p.i.) and exponential growth of the organism could be observed over a 60 h time-course, with significant levels of host cell lysis being observed only after 36 h p.i. Expression of CXCL8, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β were determined 24 h p.i. A statistically significant response in the expression of CXCL8, TNF-α and IL-1β could be observed following active infection with W. chondrophila. However a significant increase in IL-1β expression was also observed following the exposure of cells to UV-killed organisms, indicating the stimulation of multiple innate recognition pathways.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE

W. chondrophila infects and grows in the ruminant trophoblast AH-1 cell line exhibiting a complete chlamydial replicative cycle. Infection of the trophoblasts resulted in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner similar to that observed with C. abortus in previous studies, suggesting similarities in the pathogenesis of infection between the two organisms.

Citation

Wheelhouse, N., Coyle, C., Barlow, P. G., Mitchell, S., Greub, G., Baszler, T., Rae, M. T., & Longbottom, D. (2014). Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response. PLOS ONE, 9(7), Article e102386. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102386

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 18, 2014
• Online Publication Date: Jul 10, 2014
• Publication Date: Jul 10, 2014
• Deposit Date: Jul 14, 2014
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 14, 2014
• Journal: PLoS One
• Print ISSN: 1932-6203
• Electronic ISSN: 1932-6203
• Publisher: Public Library of Science
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 7
• Article Number: e102386
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102386
• Keywords: Waddlia chondrophila (W. chondrophila); abortifacient organism; Chlamydiales; zoonotic chlamydial abortifacients
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/id/eprint/6913
• Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102386
• Contract Date: Jul 14, 2014