Carbon Nanoparticles Inhibit the Antimicrobial Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 through Structural Alteration (2017)
Journal Article
Findlay, F., Pohl, J., Svoboda, P., Shakamuri, P., McLean, K., Inglis, N. F., …Barlow, P. G. (2017). Carbon Nanoparticles Inhibit the Antimicrobial Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 through Structural Alteration. Journal of Immunology, 199(7), 2483-2490. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1700706

Host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, are key elements of innate host defense. One host defense peptide with well-characterized antimicrobial activity is the human cathelicidin, LL-37. LL-37 has been shown to be upregulated at... Read More about Carbon Nanoparticles Inhibit the Antimicrobial Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 through Structural Alteration.

Cathelicidins display conserved direct antiviral activity towards rhinovirus. (2017)
Journal Article
Sousa, F. H., Casanova, V., Findlay, F., Stevens, C., Svoboda, P., Pohl, J., …Barlow, P. G. (2017). Cathelicidins display conserved direct antiviral activity towards rhinovirus. Peptides, 95, 76-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.013

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the most common cause of viral respiratory tract infections, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals and patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions. The therapeut... Read More about Cathelicidins display conserved direct antiviral activity towards rhinovirus..

Ovine trophoblasts express cathelicidin host defence peptide in response to infection (2016)
Journal Article
Coyle, C., Wheelhouse, N., Jacques, M., Longbottom, D., Svoboda, P., Pohl, J., …Barlow, P. G. (2016). Ovine trophoblasts express cathelicidin host defence peptide in response to infection. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 117, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.006

Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP; also known as antimicrobial peptides) are key components of the immune response in the female reproductive tract. The role of the placental trophoblast in ovine host defence remains poorly understood. This study... Read More about Ovine trophoblasts express cathelicidin host defence peptide in response to infection.

Antiviral host defence peptides. (2016)
Book Chapter
Sousa, F. H., Casanova, V., Stevens, C., & Barlow, P. G. (2016). Antiviral host defence peptides. In R. M. Epand (Ed.), Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents, 57-94. Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_3

The on going global mortality and morbidity associated with viral pathogens highlights the need for the continued development of effective, novel antiviral molecules. The antiviral activity of cationic host defence peptides is of significant interest... Read More about Antiviral host defence peptides..

MAPK Activation Is Essential for Waddlia chondrophila Induced CXCL8 Expression in Human Epithelial Cells (2016)
Journal Article
Storrie, S., Longbottom, D., Barlow, P. G., & Wheelhouse, N. (2016). MAPK Activation Is Essential for Waddlia chondrophila Induced CXCL8 Expression in Human Epithelial Cells. PLOS ONE, 11(3), Article e0152193. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152193

Background Waddlia chondrophila (W. chondrophila) is an emerging agent of respiratory and reproductive disease in humans and cattle. The organism is a member of the order Chlamydiales, and shares many similarities at the genome level and in growth s... Read More about MAPK Activation Is Essential for Waddlia chondrophila Induced CXCL8 Expression in Human Epithelial Cells.

Imaging of activated complement using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) - conjugated vectors: an in vivo in utero non-invasive method to predict placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal brain development (2014)
Journal Article
Girardi, G., Fraser, J., Lennen, R., Vontell, R., Jansen, M., & Hutchison, G. (2015). Imaging of activated complement using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) - conjugated vectors: an in vivo in utero non-invasive method to predict placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal brain development. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(8), 1017-1026. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.110

In the current study, we have developed a magnetic resonance imaging-based method for non-invasive detection of complement activation in placenta and foetal brain in vivo in utero. Using this method, we found that anti-complement C3-targeted ultras... Read More about Imaging of activated complement using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) - conjugated vectors: an in vivo in utero non-invasive method to predict placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal brain development.

Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response (2014)
Journal Article
Wheelhouse, N., Coyle, C., Barlow, P. G., Mitchell, S., Greub, G., Baszler, T., …Longbottom, D. (2014). Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response. PLOS ONE, 9(7), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102386

BACKGROUND Waddlia chondrophila (W. chondrophila) is an emerging abortifacient organism which has been identified in the placentae of humans and cattle. The organism is a member of the order Chlamydiales, and shares many similarities at the genome... Read More about Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response.

Antiviral potential of cathelicidins (2013)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Findlay, E. G., Currie, S. M., & Davidson, D. J. (2014). Antiviral potential of cathelicidins. Future Microbiology, 9(1), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.13.135

The global burden of morbidity and mortality arising from viral infections is high; however, the development of effective therapeutics has been slow. As our understanding of innate immunity has expanded over recent years, knowledge of natural host de... Read More about Antiviral potential of cathelicidins.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles and monocytes: Impact of size, charge and solubility on activation status (2012)
Journal Article
Prach, M., Stone, V., & Proudfoot, L. (2012). Zinc oxide nanoparticles and monocytes: Impact of size, charge and solubility on activation status. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 266(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) particle induced cytotoxicity was dependent on size, charge and solubility, factors which at sublethal concentrations may influence the activation of the human monocytic cell line THP1. ZnO nanoparticles (NP; average diameter 70 nm)... Read More about Zinc oxide nanoparticles and monocytes: Impact of size, charge and solubility on activation status.

Antiviral Activity and Increased Host Defense against Influenza Infection Elicited by the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (2011)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Svoboda, P., Mackellar, A., Nash, A. A., York, I. A., Pohl, J., …Donis, R. O. (2011). Antiviral Activity and Increased Host Defense against Influenza Infection Elicited by the Human Cathelicidin LL-37. PLOS ONE, 6(10), Article e25333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025333

The extensive world-wide morbidity and mortality caused by influenza A viruses highlights the need for new insights into the host immune response and novel treatment approaches. Cationic Host Defense Peptides (CHDP, also known as antimicrobial peptid... Read More about Antiviral Activity and Increased Host Defense against Influenza Infection Elicited by the Human Cathelicidin LL-37.

The Human Cathelicidin LL-37 Preferentially Promotes Apoptosis of Infected Airway Epithelium (2010)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Beaumont, P. E., Cosseau, C., Mackellar, A., Wilkinson, T. S., Hancock, R. E. W., …Davidson, D. J. (2010). The Human Cathelicidin LL-37 Preferentially Promotes Apoptosis of Infected Airway Epithelium. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 43(6), 692-702. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2009-0250oc

Cationic host defense peptides are key, evolutionarily conserved components of the innate immune system. The human cathelicidin LL-37 is an important cationic host defense peptide up-regulated in infection and inflammation, specifically in the human... Read More about The Human Cathelicidin LL-37 Preferentially Promotes Apoptosis of Infected Airway Epithelium.

A Candidate H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity in Mice (2010)
Journal Article
Steitz, J., Barlow, P. G., Hossain, J., Kim, E., Okada, K., Kenniston, T., …Gambotto, A. (2010). A Candidate H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity in Mice. PLOS ONE, 5(5), Article e10492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010492

Background In 2009 a new pandemic disease appeared and spread globally. The recent emergence of the pandemic influenza virus H1N1 first isolated in Mexico and USA raised concerns about vaccine availability. We here report our development of an adeno... Read More about A Candidate H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity in Mice.

Improved protection against avian influenza H5N1 virus by a single vaccination with virus-like particles in skin using microneedles (2010)
Journal Article
Song, J., Kim, Y., Barlow, P. G., Hossain, M. J., Park, K., Donis, R. O., …Kang, S. (2010). Improved protection against avian influenza H5N1 virus by a single vaccination with virus-like particles in skin using microneedles. Antiviral Research, 88(2), 244-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.09.001

To develop a more effective vaccination method against H5N1 virus, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy after skin vaccination using microneedles coated with influenza virus-like particles containing hemagglutinin derived from A... Read More about Improved protection against avian influenza H5N1 virus by a single vaccination with virus-like particles in skin using microneedles.

NO-loaded Zn2+-exchanged zeolite materials: A potential bifunctional anti-bacterial strategy (2010)
Journal Article
Fox, S., Wilkinson, T. S., Wheatley, P. S., Xiao, B., Morris, R. E., Sutherland, A., …Rossi, A. G. (2010). NO-loaded Zn2+-exchanged zeolite materials: A potential bifunctional anti-bacterial strategy. Acta biomaterialia, 6(4), (1515-1521). doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.038. ISSN 1742-7061

Nitric oxide (NO) is important for the regulation of a number of diverse biological processes, including vascular tone, neurotransmission, inflammatory cell responsiveness, defence against invading pathogens and wound healing. Transition metal exchan... Read More about NO-loaded Zn2+-exchanged zeolite materials: A potential bifunctional anti-bacterial strategy.

Secondary necrosis of apoptotic neutrophils induced by the human cathelicidin LL-37 is not proinflammatory to phagocytosing macrophages (2009)
Journal Article
Li, H., Barlow, P. G., Bylund, J., Mackellar, A., Björstad, Å., Conlon, J., …Davidson, D. J. (2009). Secondary necrosis of apoptotic neutrophils induced by the human cathelicidin LL-37 is not proinflammatory to phagocytosing macrophages. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 86(4), 891-902. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0209050

Cathelicidins are CHDP with essential roles in innate host defense but also more recently associated with the pathogenesis of certain chronic diseases. These peptides have microbicidal potential and the capacity to modulate innate immunity and inflam... Read More about Secondary necrosis of apoptotic neutrophils induced by the human cathelicidin LL-37 is not proinflammatory to phagocytosing macrophages.

Reduced alveolar macrophage migration induced by acute ambient particle (PM10) exposure (2007)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Brown, D. M., Donaldson, K., MacCallum, J., & Stone, V. (2008). Reduced alveolar macrophage migration induced by acute ambient particle (PM10) exposure. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 24(3), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-007-9033-y

Increased levels of particulate air pollution (PM10) have been implicated as a causal agent in pulmonary disease exacerbation and increased deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The exact mechanism by which PM10 drives toxicity in the... Read More about Reduced alveolar macrophage migration induced by acute ambient particle (PM10) exposure.

Nanoparticle interactions with zinc and iron: Implications for toxicology and inflammation (2007)
Journal Article
Wilson, M. R., Foucaud, L., Barlow, P. G., Hutchison, G. R., Sales, J., Simpson, R. J., & Stone, V. (2007). Nanoparticle interactions with zinc and iron: Implications for toxicology and inflammation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 225(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2007.07.012

Particulate air pollution (PM10) consists of a mixture of components, including nanoparticles and metals. Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that transition metals can potentiate the ability of nanoparticles to induce lung inflammation and... Read More about Nanoparticle interactions with zinc and iron: Implications for toxicology and inflammation.

Proinflammatory effects of particles on macrophages and epithelial cells. (2006)
Book Chapter
Brown, D., Hutchison, G., Stone, V. & Barlow, P. (2006). Proinflammatory effects of particles on macrophages and epithelial cells. . In . Particle Toxicology. 183-196. . Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1201/9781420003147.ch9. ISBN 978-0-8493-5092-4; 978-1-4200-0314-7.

The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 mediates contrasting effects on apoptotic pathways in different primary cells of the innate immune system (2006)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Li, Y., Wilkinson, T. S., Bowdish, D. M. E., Lau, Y. E., Cosseau, C., …Davidson, D. J. (2006). The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 mediates contrasting effects on apoptotic pathways in different primary cells of the innate immune system. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 80(3), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1005560

The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) expressed primarily by neutrophils and epithelial cells. This peptide, up-regulated under conditions of inflammation, has immunomodulatory and antimicrobial funct... Read More about The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 mediates contrasting effects on apoptotic pathways in different primary cells of the innate immune system.

Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages. (2005)
Journal Article
Barlow, P. G., Clouter-Baker, A., Donaldson, K., MacCallum, J., & Stone, V. (2005). Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages. Particle and fibre toxicology, 2(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-11

Background - Alveolar macrophages are a key cell in dealing with particles deposited in the lungs and in determining the subsequent response to that particle exposure. Nanoparticles are considered a potential threat to the lungs and the mechanism of... Read More about Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages..