All Outputs (34)

Load carriage changes tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during ambulatory tasks in recruit-aged women (2024)
Journal Article
Johnson, C. C., Dzewaltowski, A. C., Dever, D. E., Krajewski, K. T., Rai, A., Ahamed, N. U., …Connaboy, C. (2024). Load carriage changes tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during ambulatory tasks in recruit-aged women. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 9542

The introduction of women into U.S. military ground close combat roles requires research into sex-specific effects of military training and operational activities. Knee osteoarthritis is prevalent among military service members; its progression has b... Read More about Load carriage changes tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during ambulatory tasks in recruit-aged women.

Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill (2020)
Journal Article
Rawcliffe, A. J., Hinde, K. L., Graham, S. M., Martindale, R., Morrison, A., Krajewski, K. T., & Connaboy, C. (2020). Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2,

Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational military a... Read More about Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill.

Effects of Short-Term Unilateral Strength Training on Measures of Postural Control when Wearing ‘Operationally Relevant’ Backpack Loads (2020)
Journal Article
Krajewski, K. T., Bansbach, H. M., McLean, L., McKenzie, C., Rawcliffe, A., Graham, S., Flanagan, S., Pourmoghaddam, A., Dettmer, M., & Connaboy, C. (2020). Effects of Short-Term Unilateral Strength Training on Measures of Postural Control when Wearing �

To examine the effects of “operationally relevant” loads on postural stability and to determine the effects of unilateral and bilateral strength training programs on postural stability in healthy, recruit-aged men. Fifteen subjects were randomly assi... Read More about Effects of Short-Term Unilateral Strength Training on Measures of Postural Control when Wearing ‘Operationally Relevant’ Backpack Loads.

Load Magnitude and Locomotion Pattern Alter Locomotor System Function in Healthy Young Adult Women (2020)
Journal Article
Krajewski, K. T., Dever, D. E., Johnson, C. C., Mi, Q., Simpson, R. J., Graham, S. M., Moir, G. L., Ahamed, N. U., Flanagan, S. D., Anderst, W. J., & Connaboy, C. (2020). Load Magnitude and Locomotion Pattern Alter Locomotor System Function in Healthy You

Introduction: During cyclical steady state ambulation, such as walking, variability in stride intervals can indicate the state of the system. In order to define locomotor system function, observed variability in motor patterns, stride regulation and... Read More about Load Magnitude and Locomotion Pattern Alter Locomotor System Function in Healthy Young Adult Women.

Cold temperature does not affect perceived exertion in males and females during submaximal cycling (2020)
Journal Article
Gandy, A., Baird, M. F., Boyd, G. W., Connaboy, C., & Graham, S. M. (2020). Cold temperature does not affect perceived exertion in males and females during submaximal cycling. International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research, 4(1), 31-36. http

Background: Perceived exertion is an acknowledged indicator of exercise intensity and homeostasis disturbance of an individual, however, there are few studies that have examined the influence of cold temperatures on percei... Read More about Cold temperature does not affect perceived exertion in males and females during submaximal cycling.

The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon (2020)
Journal Article
Graham, S. M., Martindale, R. J. J., McKinley, M., Connaboy, C., Andronikos, G., & Susmarski, A. (2021). The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(1), 100-106. http

There is scarcity of research examining the physiological and psychological effects of ultra-endurance racing on athletes in extreme conditions. The purpose of the current study was to identify common injury patterns and illness, profile mood states... Read More about The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon.

Effects of Additional Load on the Occurrence of Bilateral Deficit in Counter-Movement and Squat Jumps (2019)
Journal Article
Psycharakis, S. G., Eagle, S. R., Moir, G. L., Rawcliffe, A., Mckenzie, C., Graham, S. M., …Connaboy, C. (2019). Effects of Additional Load on the Occurrence of Bilateral Deficit in Counter-Movement and Squat Jumps. Research Quarterly for Exercise and S

Purpose: A vertical jump (VJ) is a common task performed in several sports, with the height achieved correlated to skilled performance. Loaded VJs are often used in the training of recreational and professional athletes. The bilateral deficit (BLD),... Read More about Effects of Additional Load on the Occurrence of Bilateral Deficit in Counter-Movement and Squat Jumps.

The effect of the branched-chain amino acids on the in-vitro activity of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (2018)
Journal Article
Boyd, G. W., Drew, M., Ward, S., Baird, M., Graham, S. M., & Connaboy, C. (2018). The effect of the branched-chain amino acids on the in-vitro activity of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, https://doi.o

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are used as nutritional support for patients with a range of conditions including liver cirrhosis and in-born errors of amino acid metabolism, and are commonly used “sports”/exercise supplements. The effects of the B... Read More about The effect of the branched-chain amino acids on the in-vitro activity of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase.

Changes in ankle proprioception and neuromuscular function following an acute bout of British Army foot drill: Implications of lower-limb musculoskeletal injury risk (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Rawcliffe, A., Simpson, R., Graham, S., Psycharakis, S., Bansbach, H., & Connaboy, C. (2017). Changes in ankle proprioception and neuromuscular function following an acute bout of British Army foot drill: Implications of lower-limb musculoskeletal injury

Introduction: The cyclic high impact loading forces and kinematics of British Army foot-drill suggest that foot-drill may contribute to the high incidence rates of lower-limb musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries reported in recruit populations. Transient a... Read More about Changes in ankle proprioception and neuromuscular function following an acute bout of British Army foot drill: Implications of lower-limb musculoskeletal injury risk.

Efficacy of unilateral strength training for enhancing load carriage performance (2017)
Journal Article
Connaboy, C., Rawcliffe, A., Graham, S., Flanagan, S., Pourmoghaddam, A., Dettmer, M., & Bansbach, H. (2017). Efficacy of unilateral strength training for enhancing load carriage performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(S2), S5. https://d

Introduction: Load carriage has been shown to have a significant impact on postural control. Falls associated with load carriage are a significant concern for the military. Risk of falling is compounded during operational scenarios combining load car... Read More about Efficacy of unilateral strength training for enhancing load carriage performance.

A 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis of British Army foot-drill in untrained personnel: Implications for lower-extremity injury risk (2017)
Journal Article
Rawcliffe, A., Morrison, A., Graham, S., Simpson, R., Psycharakis, S., & Connaboy, C. (2017). A 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis of British Army foot-drill in untrained personnel: Implications for lower-extremity injury risk. Journal of Science and Me

Abstract presented at 4th International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance, 28 November - 1 December 2017 Melbourne Australia Purpose: To investigate and compare kinematic, kinetic, ground reaction force (GRF) and temporal parameters of Bri... Read More about A 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis of British Army foot-drill in untrained personnel: Implications for lower-extremity injury risk.

Comparison of Heart Rate Responses Between Coronary Heart Disease and Age-Matched Normal Subjects in Water-and Land-Based Exercise: A Pilot Study (2017)
Journal Article
Graham, S. M., Baird, M. F., Connaboy, C., & Thow, M. (2017). Comparison of Heart Rate Responses Between Coronary Heart Disease and Age-Matched Normal Subjects in Water-and Land-Based Exercise: A Pilot Study. Journal of Aquatic Physical Therapy, 25(2), 1-

Background and purpose. Exercise therapy is an integral component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Currently, land-based exercise classes are prescribed in Phase IV CR. However, with its unique properties, water-based exercise potentially offers an al... Read More about Comparison of Heart Rate Responses Between Coronary Heart Disease and Age-Matched Normal Subjects in Water-and Land-Based Exercise: A Pilot Study.

Will Soldiers be quick marching in trainers? (2017)
Newspaper / Magazine
Graham, S., & Martindale, R. (2017). Will Soldiers be quick marching in trainers?. UK

The study investigated loads and impact using British military drill boots.

Will soldiers be quick marching in their trainers? Troops could switch shoes because drilling in the wrong footwear is causing injuries (2017)
Newspaper / Magazine
Graham, S., Connaboy, C., & Martindale, R. (2017). Will soldiers be quick marching in their trainers? Troops could switch shoes because drilling in the wrong footwear is causing injuries. Uk

The study investigated loads and impact using British military drill boots.

The Effects of British Army Footwear on Ground Reaction Force and Temporal Parameters of British Army Foot-Drill (2017)
Journal Article
Rawcliffe, A. J., Graham, S. M., Simpson, R. J., Moir, G. L., Martindale, R. J., Psycharakis, S. G., & Connaboy, C. (2020). The Effects of British Army Footwear on Ground Reaction Force and Temporal Parameters of British Army Foot-Drill. Journal of streng

High rates of occupational training-related lower-limb musculoskeletal [MSK] overuse injuries are reported for British Army recruits during basic training. Foot-drill is a repetitive impact loading occupational activity and involves striking the grou... Read More about The Effects of British Army Footwear on Ground Reaction Force and Temporal Parameters of British Army Foot-Drill.

Evidence of direct cardiac damage following high-intensity exercise in chronic energy restriction: A case report and literature review (2017)
Journal Article
Baird, M. F., Grace, F., Sculthorpe, N., Graham, S. M., Fleming, A., & Baker, J. S. (2017). Evidence of direct cardiac damage following high-intensity exercise in chronic energy restriction: A case report and literature review. Medicine, 96(27), Article e

Rationale: Following prolonged endurance events such as marathons, elevated levels of cardiospecific biomarkers are commonly reported. Although transiently raised levels are generally not considered to indicate clinical myocardial damage, comprehensi... Read More about Evidence of direct cardiac damage following high-intensity exercise in chronic energy restriction: A case report and literature review.

Validation of a 6-s Cycle Ergometry Sprint to Measure Peak Power in Recreationally Active Females (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Graham, W. M., Grace, F., Sculthorpe, N., Baker, J., Connaboy, C., & Baird, M. F. (2017). Validation of a 6-s Cycle Ergometry Sprint to Measure Peak Power in Recreationally Active Females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(5S), 602-602. http

The 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT30) is frequently used to determine peak anaerobic power (PP). When PP, which is generally achieved within the first 5-s is the primary measure of interest, there may be no advantage in completing a 30-s test. It... Read More about Validation of a 6-s Cycle Ergometry Sprint to Measure Peak Power in Recreationally Active Females.

Reliability of the Kinetics of British Army Foot-Drill in Untrained Personnel (2017)
Journal Article
Rawcliffe, A. J., Simpson, R. J., Graham, S. M., Psycharakis, S. G., Moir, G. L., & Connaboy, C. (2017). Reliability of the Kinetics of British Army Foot-Drill in Untrained Personnel. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(2), 435-444. https://

The purpose of this study was to quantify the reliability of kinetic variables of British Army foot drill performance within untrained civilians and report the magnitude of vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and vertical rate of force development... Read More about Reliability of the Kinetics of British Army Foot-Drill in Untrained Personnel.

The Effects Of Carrying A Simulated Rifle During A Backpack Load-carriage Task (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Paul, C., Kaliarntas, K., Connaboy, C., & Graham, S. (2016). The Effects Of Carrying A Simulated Rifle During A Backpack Load-carriage Task. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(5S), 91. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485279.46533.a2

A-46 Free Communication/Poster - Fitness Assessment Wednesday, June 1, 2016, 7:30 AM - 12:30 PM Room: Exhibit Hall A/B PURPOSE: Identifying the effects of carrying a rifle during backpack load-carriage is of interest to the military. This study me... Read More about The Effects Of Carrying A Simulated Rifle During A Backpack Load-carriage Task.

Blood lactate thresholds and walking/running economy are determinants of backpack-running performance in trained soldiers (2016)
Journal Article
Simpson, R. J., Graham, S. M., Connaboy, C., Clement, R., Pollonini, L., & Florida-James, G. D. (2017). Blood lactate thresholds and walking/running economy are determinants of backpack-running performance in trained soldiers. Applied Ergonomics, 58, 566-

We developed a standardized laboratory treadmill protocol for assessing physiological responses to a simulated backpack load-carriage task in trained soldiers, and assessed the efficacy of blood lactate thresholds (LTs) and economy in predicting futu... Read More about Blood lactate thresholds and walking/running economy are determinants of backpack-running performance in trained soldiers.