FLORA: Fuzzy Based Load-Balanced Opportunistic Routing for Asynchronous Duty-Cycled WSNs

Wu, Weiqi; Wang, Xingfu; Hawbani, Ammar; Liu, Ping; Zhao, Liang; Al-Dubai, Ahmed

Abstract

Existing Opportunistic routing (OR) schemes work well with asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which effectively reduces the sender waiting time by broadcasting packets to a set of forwarders instead of a predetermined forwarder. However, these protocols seriously suffer from the multiple receivers problem which distinctly shortens the network lifetime. Many opportunistic routing protocols view each node as equal importance, neglecting the fact that the nodes close to the sink undertake more duties than the rest of network nodes. Therefore, the nodes located in different positions should play different roles during the routing process. Unlike existing solutions, this paper presents a novel fuzzy logic-driven routing protocol, which consists of three parts. Firstly, each node defines a Routing Zone (RZ) to address the problem resulting from the randomness of node deployment. Secondly, the nodes within RZ are prioritized based on competency value obtained through the fuzzy-logic model. Finally, one of forwarders is selected as the final relay node after forwarders coordination. Through extensive experimental simulations, it is confirmed that FLORA achieves better performance compared to its counterparts in terms of energy consumption, overhead packets, waiting times, packet delivery ratio and network lifetime.

Citation

Wu, W., Wang, X., Hawbani, A., Liu, P., Zhao, L., & Al-Dubai, A. (2023). FLORA: Fuzzy Based Load-Balanced Opportunistic Routing for Asynchronous Duty-Cycled WSNs. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 22(1), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2021.3074739

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 18, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Apr 21, 2021
• Publication Date: Jan 1, 2023
• Deposit Date: Apr 22, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 22, 2021
• Print ISSN: 1536-1233
• Electronic ISSN: 1558-0660
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 253-268
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2021.3074739
• Keywords: Routing , Wireless sensor networks , Fuzzy logic , Receivers , Wireless communication , Routing protocols , Quality of service
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2763742