All Outputs (21)

LEAGAN: A Decentralized Version-Control Framework for Upgradeable Smart Contracts (2025)
Journal Article
Kumar, G., Saha, R., Conti, M., & Buchanan, W. J. (online). LEAGAN: A Decentralized Version-Control Framework for Upgradeable Smart Contracts. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3562323

Smart contracts are integral to decentralized systems like blockchains and enable the automation of processes through programmable conditions. However, their immutability, once deployed, poses challenges when addressing errors or bugs. Existing solut... Read More about LEAGAN: A Decentralized Version-Control Framework for Upgradeable Smart Contracts.

Barriers to the Adoption of Smart Building Technology in Developing Countries: An Empirical Survey (2025)
Journal Article
Ejidike, C. C., Mewomo, M. C., Olawumi, T. O., Wang, S., & Buniya, M. K. (2025). Barriers to the Adoption of Smart Building Technology in Developing Countries: An Empirical Survey. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 151(6), https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-15466

Smart building technology (SBT) has been a prominent practical and academic topic in the built environment due to adopting sustainable development and digitization to maximize energy efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions, and maximize thermal comfort. Wh... Read More about Barriers to the Adoption of Smart Building Technology in Developing Countries: An Empirical Survey.

Post-Quantum Migration of the Tor Application (2025)
Journal Article
Berger, D., Lemoudden, M., & Buchanan, W. J. (2025). Post-Quantum Migration of the Tor Application. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 5(2), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5020013

The efficiency of Shor's and Grover's algorithms and the advancement of quantum computers implies that the cryptography used until now to protect one's privacy is potentially vulnerable to retrospective decryption, also known as the harvest now, decr... Read More about Post-Quantum Migration of the Tor Application.

Leveraging LLMs for Non-Security Experts in Threat Hunting: Detecting Living off the Land Techniques (2025)
Journal Article
Konstantinou, A., Kasimatis, D., Buchanan, W. J., Ullah Jan, S., Ahmad, J., Politis, I., & Pitropakis, N. (2025). Leveraging LLMs for Non-Security Experts in Threat Hunting: Detecting Living off the Land Techniques. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, 7(2), Article 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/make7020031

This paper explores the potential use of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot, in threat hunting, specifically focusing on Living off the Land (LotL) techniques. LotL methods allow threat actors to blend... Read More about Leveraging LLMs for Non-Security Experts in Threat Hunting: Detecting Living off the Land Techniques.

GSFL: A Privacy-Preserving Grouping-Split Federated Learning Approach in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing Scenarios (2025)
Journal Article
Liu, Q., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., & Lin, H. (online). GSFL: A Privacy-Preserving Grouping-Split Federated Learning Approach in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing Scenarios. ACM transactions on autonomous and adaptive systems, https://doi.org/10.1145/3725221

The advancement of mobile multimedia communications, 5G, and Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the widespread use of edge devices, including sensors, smartphones, and wearables. This has generated in a large amount of distributed data, leading to n... Read More about GSFL: A Privacy-Preserving Grouping-Split Federated Learning Approach in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing Scenarios.

Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Cooperative Perception and Computation in VEC (2025)
Journal Article
Zhao, L., Li, L., Tan, Z., Hawbani, A., He, Q., & Liu, Z. (online). Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Cooperative Perception and Computation in VEC. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546915

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are an important paradigm of intelligent transportation systems. Cooperative perception (CP) and vehicular edge computing (VEC) enhance CAVs’ perception capacity of the region of interest (RoI) while alleviati... Read More about Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Cooperative Perception and Computation in VEC.

Upcycling Alum Sludge as a Reinforcement in PBAT Composites: A Sustainable Approach to Waste Valorisation (2025)
Journal Article
Sun, D., Henthorn, T., Popescu, C.-M., & Salehiyan, R. (2025). Upcycling Alum Sludge as a Reinforcement in PBAT Composites: A Sustainable Approach to Waste Valorisation. Applied Sciences, 15(5), Article 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052591

This study explores the valorisation of alum sludge, a byproduct of water treatment processes, as a sustainable reinforcement material in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites. The research aims to address industrial waste challen... Read More about Upcycling Alum Sludge as a Reinforcement in PBAT Composites: A Sustainable Approach to Waste Valorisation.

Establishing a Relationship between Particle size distribution & Thaw weakening Susceptibility in Soils (2025)
Journal Article
Leak, J., Dimitriadi, V., Barreto, D., Bernal-Sanchez, J., & Imre, E. (2025). Establishing a Relationship between Particle size distribution & Thaw weakening Susceptibility in Soils. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 231, Article 104423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104423

Susceptibility to frost action in soils is an important consideration in cold and seasonably cold regions. Whilst the particle size distribution (PSD) is commonly used to measure susceptibility to frost action, this method is typically seen as unreli... Read More about Establishing a Relationship between Particle size distribution & Thaw weakening Susceptibility in Soils.

A True Random Number Generator Based On Race Hazard And Jitter Of Braided And Cross-Coupled Logic Gates Using FPGA (2024)
Journal Article
Ahmed, H. O., Kim, D., & Buchanan, B. (in press). A True Random Number Generator Based On Race Hazard And Jitter Of Braided And Cross-Coupled Logic Gates Using FPGA. IEEE Access, 12, 182943-182955. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3512419

In the contemporary digital landscape, security has become a vital element of our existence. The growing volume of sensitive information being stored and transmitted over networks necessitates the implementation of robust security measures. Cryptogra... Read More about A True Random Number Generator Based On Race Hazard And Jitter Of Braided And Cross-Coupled Logic Gates Using FPGA.

Volumetric Modular Construction research (2024)
Report
Brennan, J., Vokes, C., Massey, T., Duncheva, M., Plowas, W., Livingstone, A., Reid, A., Bros Williamson, J., & Hairstans, R. (2024). Volumetric Modular Construction research. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government

Building on a pledge to support Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) in its Autumn Budget of 2017, the 2019 Conservative party manifesto reaffirmed the target of 300,000 homes a year by the mid-2020s and made explicit commitment to support MMC. The n... Read More about Volumetric Modular Construction research.

Developing modern construction professionals with a focus on timber – a UK case study (2024)
Journal Article
Hitt, S. J., Hairstans, R., Oloke, D., Bertasso, S., Tamagnone, G., & Shirley, B. (2025). Developing modern construction professionals with a focus on timber – a UK case study. Proceedings of the ICE - Management, Procurement and Law, 178(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmapl.24.00040

The Centre for Advanced Timber Technology (CATT) was established in 2021 at the New Model Institute for Technology and Engineering (NMITE) in Hereford, UK, to be a catalyst for expanding the use of sustainable timber in modern construction and changi... Read More about Developing modern construction professionals with a focus on timber – a UK case study.

A Multi-UAV Cooperative Task Scheduling in Dynamic Environments: Throughput Maximization (2024)
Journal Article
Zhao, L., Li, S., Tan, Z., Hawbani, A., Timotheou, S., & Yu, K. (2025). A Multi-UAV Cooperative Task Scheduling in Dynamic Environments: Throughput Maximization. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 74(2), 442 - 454. https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3483636

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been considered a promising technology for advancing terrestrial mobile computing in the dynamic environment. In this research field, throughput, the number of completed tasks and latency are critical evaluation indi... Read More about A Multi-UAV Cooperative Task Scheduling in Dynamic Environments: Throughput Maximization.

Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction (2024)
Report
Hairstans, R., Ridley Ellis, D., Cramer, M., Plowas, W., Hart, S., Rogers, L., Connell-Skinner, K., & Seminara, P. (2024). Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction. Forest Industries Ireland

This report prepared on behalf of the Timber in Construction Steering Group and Forest Industries Ireland and authored by Built Environment – Smarter Transformation (BE-ST) and Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), emphasises the critical role of increa... Read More about Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction.

DID:RING: Ring Signatures Using Decentralised Identifiers For Privacy-Aware Identity Proof (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kasimatis, D., Grierson, S., Buchanan, W. J., Eckl, C., Papadopoulos, P., Pitropakis, N., Chrysoulas, C., Thomson, C., & Ghaleb, B. (2024, September). DID:RING: Ring Signatures Using Decentralised Identifiers For Privacy-Aware Identity Proof. Presented at 2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR), London, UK

Decentralised identifiers have become a standardised element of digital identity architecture, with supra-national organisations such as the European Union adopting them as a key component for a unified European digital identity ledger. This paper de... Read More about DID:RING: Ring Signatures Using Decentralised Identifiers For Privacy-Aware Identity Proof.

VisCrypt: Image Encryption Featuring Novel Chaotic Key Generation and Block Permutation Techniques with Visual Cryptography (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Khan, M. S., Ahmad, J., Ali, M., Al Dubai, A., Pitropakis, N., & Buchanan, W. J. (2024, July). VisCrypt: Image Encryption Featuring Novel Chaotic Key Generation and Block Permutation Techniques with Visual Cryptography. Presented at 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP), Sousse, Tunisia

In this digital era, ensuring the security of data transmission is critically important. Digital data, especially image data, needs to be secured against unauthorized access. In this regards, this paper presents a robust image encryption scheme named... Read More about VisCrypt: Image Encryption Featuring Novel Chaotic Key Generation and Block Permutation Techniques with Visual Cryptography.

An Innovative Approach to Geotechnical Seismic Isolation: Rubber-Soil Mixture Trenches (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bernal-Sanchez, J., Mcdougall, J., Barreto, D., Dimitriadi, V., Leak, J., & Nseabasi, M. (2024, June). An Innovative Approach to Geotechnical Seismic Isolation: Rubber-Soil Mixture Trenches. Presented at 18th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Milan, Italy

This study presents a Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) system proposed for utilising Rubber-Soil mixtures (RSm) to enhance the dynamic performance of a modified soil and foundation structure. The inclusion of RSm enables the system to exhibit low... Read More about An Innovative Approach to Geotechnical Seismic Isolation: Rubber-Soil Mixture Trenches.

Smarter Facility Layout Design: Leveraging Worker Localisation Data to Minimise Travel Time and Alleviate Congestion (2024)
Journal Article
Aslan, A., Vasantha, G., El-Raoui, H., Quigley, J., Hanson, J., Corney, J., & Sherlock, A. (2025). Smarter Facility Layout Design: Leveraging Worker Localisation Data to Minimise Travel Time and Alleviate Congestion. International Journal of Production Research, 63(4), 1326-1353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2024.2374847

This paper introduces a novel methodology leveraging worker localisation data from ultrawide-band sensors to formulate alternative facility layouts aimed at minimising travel time and congestion in labour-intensive manufacturing systems. The system p... Read More about Smarter Facility Layout Design: Leveraging Worker Localisation Data to Minimise Travel Time and Alleviate Congestion.

Transforming EU Governance: The Digital Integration Through EBSI and GLASS (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kasimatis, D., Buchanan, W. J., Abubakar, M., Lo, O., Chrysoulas, C., Pitropakis, N., Papadopoulos, P., Sayeed, S., & Sel, M. (2024, June). Transforming EU Governance: The Digital Integration Through EBSI and GLASS. Presented at 39th IFIP International Conference, Edinburgh, UK

Traditionally, government systems managed citizen identities through disconnected data systems, using simple identifiers and paper-based processes, limiting digital trust and requiring citizens to request identity verification documents. The digital... Read More about Transforming EU Governance: The Digital Integration Through EBSI and GLASS.

ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Huma, Z. E., Ahmad, J., Hamadi, H. A., Ghaleb, B., Buchanan, W. J., & Jan, S. U. (2024, February). ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT. Presented at 2024 2nd International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR), Dubai, United Arab Emirates

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of modern societies, with devices, networks, and applications offering industrial, economic, and social benefits. However, these devices and networks generate vast amounts of data, making them... Read More about ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT.

PASSION: Permissioned Access Control for Segmented Devices and Identity for IoT Networks (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ali, H., Abubakar, M., Ahmad, J., Buchanan, W. J., & Jaroucheh, Z. (2023, November). PASSION: Permissioned Access Control for Segmented Devices and Identity for IoT Networks. Presented at 2023 IEEE 28th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), Edinburgh, United Kingdom

In recent years, there has been a significant proliferation of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications, with a wide variety of use cases being developed and put into operation. As the industrial IoT landscape expands, the establishment of se... Read More about PASSION: Permissioned Access Control for Segmented Devices and Identity for IoT Networks.