All Outputs (2)

Financial anatomy of the E4 Helsinki-Lahti shadow toll PPP-Project. (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Leviäkangas, P., Wigan, M., & Haapasalo, H. J. O. (2012). Financial anatomy of the E4 Helsinki-Lahti shadow toll PPP-Project.

Purpose - Purpose: This paper investigates the returns to the investors and the state in private finance of road infrastructure. It uses an empirical case of the E4 Helsinki-Lahti road, which was built in 1995-1999 in Finland as the first real PPP-pr... Read More about Financial anatomy of the E4 Helsinki-Lahti shadow toll PPP-Project..

Smart meter technology tradeoffs. (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wigan, M. (2012). Smart meter technology tradeoffs. . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSAsia.2012.6397987

Smart meters have become a matter of concern for many populations, although the technology is as always politically neutral. The focus on electricity rather than all metered services, water, gas and electricity is one aspect of this public concer... Read More about Smart meter technology tradeoffs..