A Novel Autonomous Adaptive Frame Size for Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol

Alahmadi, Hanan; Bouabdallah, Fatma; Al-Dubai, Ahmed; Ghaleb, Baraq

Abstract

LoRa networks represent a promising technology for IoT applications due to their long range, low cost, and energy efficiency. However, their ALOHA-based access method and duty cycle restrictions can limit their scalability and reliability in high-density networks. To address such a challenge, this paper proposes the Autonomous Time-Slotted LoRa (ATS-LoRa), protocol that allows LoRaWAN nodes to autonomously determine their optimal transmission parameters without extensive downlink transmissions from the gateway. ATS LoRa utilizes the geographical coordinates of the nodes and their gateway in a novel way to allow them to determine their appropriate transmission parameters such as the spreading factor (SF), the channel frequency (CF), and the slot ID (SID). ATS-LoRa performance is evaluated through extensive simulations under different operating conditions showing an average throughput of around 47 times better than the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm of LoRaWAN protocol.

Citation

Alahmadi, H., Bouabdallah, F., Al-Dubai, A., & Ghaleb, B. (2024). A Novel Autonomous Adaptive Frame Size for Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 20(10), 12284-12293. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3417308

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 11, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jul 3, 2024
• Publication Date: 2024
• Deposit Date: Jun 18, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 3, 2024
• Print ISSN: 1551-3203
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 20
• Issue: 10
• Pages: 12284-12293
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3417308
• Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT) , low power wide area networks (LPWAN) , LoRaWAN , medium access control (MAC) protocols , TDMA