Audience perceptions of Foley footsteps and 3D realism designed to convey walker characteristics

Cunningham, Stuart; McGregor, Iain

Abstract

Foley artistry is an essential part of the audio post-production process for film, television, games, and animation. By extension, it is as crucial in emergent media such as virtual, mixed, and augmented reality. Footsteps are a core activity that a Foley artist must undertake and convey information about the characters and environment presented on-screen. This study sought to identify if characteristics of age, gender, weight, health, and confidence could be conveyed, using sounds created by a professional Foley artist, in three different 3D humanoid models, following a single walk cycle. An experiment was conducted with human participants (n=100) and found that Foley manipulations could convey all the intended characteristics with varying degrees of contextual success. It was shown that the abstract 3D models were capable of communicating characteristics of age, gender, and weight. A discussion of the literature and inspection of related audio features with the Foley clips suggest signal parameters of frequency, envelope, and novelty may be a subset of markers of those perceived characteristics. The findings are relevant to researchers and practitioners in linear and interactive media and demonstrate mechanisms by which Foley can contribute useful information and concepts about on-screen characters.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 28, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jun 11, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jun 11, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 11, 2024
• Print ISSN: 1617-4909
• Electronic ISSN: 1617-4917
• Publisher: Springer
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-024-01819-3
• Keywords: Sound design, Foley, Audio features, User perceptions, Animation, Walk cycles
• Publisher URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00779-024-01819-3