Dr Dimitra Gkatzia D.Gkatzia@napier.ac.uk
Associate Professor
Dr Dimitra Gkatzia D.Gkatzia@napier.ac.uk
Associate Professor
Verena Rieser
Phil Bartie
William Mackaness
Predicting the success of referring expressions (RE) is vital for real world applications such as navigation systems. Traditionally, research has focused on studying Referring Expression Generation (REG) in virtual, controlled environments. In this paper, we describe a novel study of spatial references from real scenes rather than virtual. First, we investigate how humans describe objects in open, uncontrolled scenarios and compare our findings to those reported in virtual environments. We show that REs in real-world scenarios differ significantly to those in virtual worlds. Second, we propose a novel approach to quantifying image complexity when complete annotations are not present (e.g. due to poor object recognition capabitlities), and third, we present a model for success prediction of REs for objects in real scenes. Finally, we discuss implications for Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems and future directions.
Gkatzia, D., Rieser, V., Bartie, P., & Mackaness, W. (2015, September). From the Virtual to the RealWorld: Referring to Objects in Real-World Spatial Scenes. Presented at 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Lisbon
Presentation Conference Type | Conference Paper (Published) |
---|---|
Conference Name | 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |
Start Date | Sep 17, 2015 |
End Date | Sep 21, 2015 |
Acceptance Date | Sep 17, 2015 |
Publication Date | Sep 17, 2015 |
Deposit Date | Aug 1, 2016 |
Publisher | Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) |
Pages | 1936-1942 |
Book Title | Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |
ISBN | 9781941643327 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1224 |
Keywords | Referring expressions, RE, navigation systems, virtual environments, natural language generation, NLG. |
Public URL | http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/321797 |
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