First-person video recordings with eye tracking glasses and cognitive task analysis as a framework for referee decision training

Mascarenhas, Duncan; Birtwhistle, J.; Martindale, A.

Abstract

Rationale
In comparison to players little is known about how sports officials integrate perception and cognition to manage in-game decisions.

Design
Using a naturalistic approach this paper uses first-person eye-tracked video footage to document the attentional demands and situation awareness (SA) of expert touch (rugby/football) referees in their real-world environment to inform decision training for amateur officials. Drawing directly from match performances, an applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) technique investigated how three international referees manage complex attentional demands, to see what lessons could be learned for less-experienced referees.

Findings
Referees emphasised the importance of role clarity and game understanding as the foundation for effective match officiating. They used advanced cues such as player body language and movement patterns (SA1) to interpret game status (SA2) and predict likely actions and movement patterns (SA3).

Ordering abstraction, preventive communication and early positioning were used to lessen cognitive load and encourage game flow.

Practical Implications
The merits of using first-person, eye-tracked, audio-visual footage with ACTA for training less experienced sports officials through expert verbal elicitation or self-reflection are discussed.

Research Contribution
The paper proposes a decision tree for touch refereeing which emphasises a hierarchical ordering of cognitive decision points that provides the basis for training amateur referees.

Citation

Mascarenhas, D., Birtwhistle, J., & Martindale, A. (online). First-person video recordings with eye tracking glasses and cognitive task analysis as a framework for referee decision training. Managing Sport and Leisure, https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2022.2134186

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 17, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Oct 25, 2022
• Deposit Date: Nov 1, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 1, 2022
• Print ISSN: 2375-0472
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2022.2134186
• Keywords: naturalistic decision making, visual gaze, cognitive task analysis, touch (rugby/football) referees
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2931939