Functional outcomes and return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in recreational athletes: A systematic review

Brzeszczynski, Filip; Turnbull, Kirsten; McClelland, Colin; MacDonald, Donnie; Lawson, Graham; Hamilton, David

Abstract

Introduction
Outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are well reported in athletic populations, however surprisingly little information is available for the recreational athletes that make up the majority of cases. The aim was therefore to assess post-operative outcome and return-to-sport in recreational athletes following ACLR.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and the grey literature according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies involving a clear definition of recreational athletes who underwent ACLR and recorded postoperative outcomes were included. Publication quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
107 studies were identified, 19 full-text records reviewed and 13 included, reflecting 1342 patients with an average age of 31.7 (SD 9.8) years. Mean follow-up was 43.6 (SD 42.8) months. Activity change post-surgery was reported in 92% (12/13) papers. Outcomes were assessed with the Tegner score in seven studies, four of which reported pre-injury scores, which worsened from 5.4 to 4.3 at final follow-up (76.5 months). 54% (7/13) studies reported return to pre-injury level of sport. In these, 59% (n = 327/555) achieved pre-injury level at a mean follow-up of 33.7 months (SD 38.6). The return-to-sports rate increased with length of follow-up. Methodological quality was moderate.

Conclusion
Substantial variation in the timeframes and outcomes assessed restricts pooled analysis of change in function. Based on seven studies, 59% of recreational athletes return to pre-injury level of sport following ACLR. The link between return rate and post-operative review timeframe suggests that longer follow-up may be required to capture return-to-sport rates in this population.

Citation

Brzeszczynski, F., Turnbull, K., McClelland, C., MacDonald, D., Lawson, G., & Hamilton, D. (2022). Functional outcomes and return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in recreational athletes: A systematic review. The Knee, 36, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2022.04.005

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 20, 2022
• Online Publication Date: May 13, 2022
• Publication Date: 2022-06
• Deposit Date: Apr 27, 2022
• Journal: The Knee
• Print ISSN: 0968-0160
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 36
• Pages: 103-113
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2022.04.005
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2867422