A Systematic Literature Review of Factor Analytic and Mixture Models of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire

Redican, Enya; Nolan, Emma; Hyland, Philip; Cloitre, Marylene; McBride, Orla; Karatzias, Thanos; Murphy, Jamie; Shevlin, Mark

Abstract

The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; WHO, 2018) describes two distinct trauma related disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). This review aims to summarise and synthesize evidence from factor analytic and mixture modelling studies that have investigated the latent structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire. A systematic search of PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed databases was conducted to identify relevant articles. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The latent structure of the ITQ was best represented by two models; a correlated six-factor model (Re-experiencing, Avoidance, Threat, Affect Dysregulation, Negative Self Concept, and Disturbed Relationships) and a two-factor second-order model (PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization). Mixture model studies consistently identified distinct classes representing those displaying PTSD and CPTSD symptoms. Numerous studies demonstrated support for the factorial and discriminant validity of PTSD and CPTSD when analysed in conjunction with other variables. Overall, support was found for the conceptual coherence of PTSD and CPTSD as empirically distinguishable disorders, as measured by the ITQ. The available evidence demonstrates that the ITQ is a valid measure of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Recommendations for future research are included.

Citation

Redican, E., Nolan, E., Hyland, P., Cloitre, M., McBride, O., Karatzias, T., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review of Factor Analytic and Mixture Models of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 79, Article 102381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102381

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 24, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Mar 1, 2021
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Deposit Date: Feb 25, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 2, 2022
• Print ISSN: 0887-6185
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 79
• Article Number: 102381
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102381
• Keywords: International Trauma Questionnaire, ICD-11 CPTSD, Factor Structure, Latent Classes, Systematic Review
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2746947