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Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages.

Barlow, Peter G; Clouter-Baker, Anna; Donaldson, Ken; MacCallum, Janis; Stone, Vicki

Authors

Anna Clouter-Baker

Ken Donaldson

Vicki Stone



Abstract

Background - Alveolar macrophages are a key cell in dealing with particles deposited in the lungs and in determining the subsequent response to that particle exposure. Nanoparticles are considered a potential threat to the lungs and the mechanism of pulmonary response to nanoparticles is currently under intense scrutiny. The type II alveolar epithelial cell has previously been shown to release chemoattractants which can recruit alveolar macrophages to sites of particle deposition. The aim of this study was to assess the responses of a type II epithelial cell line (L-2) to both fine and nanoparticle exposure in terms of secretion of chemotactic substances capable of inducing macrophage migration.

Results
Exposure of type II cells to carbon black nanoparticles resulted in significant release of macrophage chemoattractant compared to the negative control and to other dusts tested (fine carbon black and TiO2 and nanoparticle TiO2) as measured by macrophage migration towards type II cell conditioned medium. SDS-PAGE analysis of the conditioned medium from particle treated type II cells revealed that a higher number of protein bands were present in the conditioned medium obtained from type II cells treated with nanoparticle carbon black compared to other dusts tested. Size-fractionation of the chemotaxin-rich supernatant determined that the chemoattractants released from the epithelial cells were between 5 and 30 kDa in size.

Conclusion
The highly toxic nature and reactive surface chemistry of the carbon black nanoparticles has very likely induced the type II cell line to release pro-inflammatory mediators that can potentially induce migration of macrophages. This could aid in the rapid recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of particle deposition and the subsequent removal of the particles by phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Future studies in this area could focus on the exact identity of the substance(s) released by the type II cells in response to particle exposure.

Citation

Barlow, P. G., Clouter-Baker, A., Donaldson, K., MacCallum, J., & Stone, V. (2005). Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages. Particle and fibre toxicology, 2(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-11

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Dec 6, 2005
Online Publication Date Dec 6, 2005
Publication Date Dec 6, 2005
Deposit Date Feb 11, 2008
Publicly Available Date Jul 13, 2018
Journal Particle and fibre toxicology
Print ISSN 1743-8977
Electronic ISSN 1743-8977
Publisher BMC
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 2
Issue 1
Pages 11-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-11
Keywords Alveolar macrophages; Nanoparticles; Pulmonary response; Chemoattractants;
Public URL http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/id/eprint/1621
Publisher URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-11
Contract Date Jul 13, 2018

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Copyright Statement
© 2005 Barlow et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.







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