Avian Urine: Its Potential as a Non-Invasive Biomonitor of Environmental Metal Exposure in Birds (2012)
Journal Article
Clapp, J. B., Bevan, R. M., & Singleton, I. (2012). Avian Urine: Its Potential as a Non-Invasive Biomonitor of Environmental Metal Exposure in Birds. Water, air, and soil pollution, 223(7), 3923-3938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1161-1

Current non-invasive biomonitoring techniques to measure heavy metal exposure in free ranging birds using eggs, feathers and guano are problematic because essential metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) deposited in eggs and feathers are under physiologic... Read More about Avian Urine: Its Potential as a Non-Invasive Biomonitor of Environmental Metal Exposure in Birds.