Integrating measurement techniques in an Object-Oriented
systems design process.

Abstract

The theme of this thesis is the assessment of quality in class hierarchies. In particular, the notion of
inheritance and the mechanism of redefinition from a modelling perspective are reviewed. It is
shown that, in Object-Oriented languages, controversial uses of inheritance can be implemented
and are subject of debate as they contradict the essence of inheritance. The discovery of an
unexpected use of the method redefinition mechanism confirmed that potential design
inconsistencies occur more often than expected in class hierarchies. To address such problems,
design heuristics and measurement techniques are investigated as the main instrument tools for the
evaluation "goodness" or "badness" in class hierarchies. Their benefits are demonstrated within
the design process.
After the identification of an obscure use of the method redefinition mechanism referred to as the
multiple descendant redefinition (MDR) problem, a set of metrics based on the GQMlMEDEA
[Bri&aI94] model is proposed. To enable a measurement programme to take place within a design
process, the necessary design considerations are detailed and the technical issues involved in the
measurement process are presented. Both aspects form ~. methodological approach for class
hierarchy assessment and especially concentrate on the use of the redefinition mechanism.
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As one of the main criticisms of the measure~ent science is the lack orgood design feedback, the
, analysis and interpretation phase. of the metfics results is seen: as a crucial phase for inferring,
meaningful conclusions. A novel· data interpretation framework is pr~posed' and includes the use of
various graphical data representations and detection techniques. Also, the notion of redefinition
profiles suggested a, more generic approach whereby a pattern profile can be found for a metric.
The benefits of the data interpretation method for the extraction of meaningful design feedback
from the metrics results are discussed.
The implementation of a metric tool collector enabled a set of experiments to be carried out on the
Smalltalk class hierarchy. Surprisingly, the analysis of metrics results showed that method
redefmition is heavily used compared to method extension. This suggested the existence of
potential design inconsistencies in the class hierarchy and permitted the discovery of the MDR
problem on many occasions. In addition, a set of experiments demonstrates the benefits of example
graphical representations together with detection techniques such as alarmers. In the light of
facilitating the interpretation phase, the need for additional supporting tools is highlighted.
This thesis illustrates the potential benefits of integration of measurement techniques within an
Object-Oriented design process. Given the identification of the MDR problem, it is believed that
the redefinition metrics are strong and simple candidates for detecting complex design problems
occurring within a class hierarchy. An integrated design assessment model is proposed which
logically fits into an incremental design development process. Benefits and disadvantages of the
approach are discussed together with future work.