Energy Efficiency and Throughput Optimization in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Arshad, Rabia; Farooq-i-Azam, Muhammad; Muzzammel, Raheel; Ghani, Arfan; See, Chan Hwang

Abstract

Device to device communication offers an optimistic technology for 5G network which aims to enhance data rate, reduce latency and cost, improve energy efficiency as well as provide other desired features. 5G heterogeneous network (5GHN) with a decoupled association strategy of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) is an optimistic solution for challenges which are faced in 4G heterogeneous network (4GHN). Research work presented in this paper evaluates performance of 4GHN along with DL and UL coupled (DU-CP) access scheme in comparison with 5GHN with UL and DL decoupled (DU-DCP) access scheme in terms of energy efficiency and network throughput in 4-tier heterogeneous networks. Energy and throughput are optimized for both scenarios i.e. DU-CP and DU-DCP and the results are compared. Detailed performance analysis of DU-CP and DU-DCP access schemes has been done with the help of comparisons of results achieved by implementing genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Both these algorithms are suited for the non linear problem under investigation where the search space is large. Simulation results have shown that the DU-DCP access scheme gives better performance as compared to DU-CP scheme in a 4-tier heterogeneous network in terms of network throughput and energy efficiency. PSO achieves an energy efficiency of 12 Mbits/joule for DU-CP and 42 Mbits/joule for DU-DCP, whereas GA yields an energy efficiency of 28 Mbits/joule for DU-CP and 55 Mbits/joule for DU-DCP. Performance of the proposed method is compared with that of three other schemes. The results show that the DU-DCP scheme using GA outperforms the compared methods.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 24, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Apr 27, 2023
• Publication Date: 2023
• Deposit Date: Apr 24, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: May 1, 2023
• Journal: Electronics
• Electronic ISSN: 2079-9292
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 9
• Article Number: 2031
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092031
• Keywords: Cellular networks, D2D communication, energy efficiency, heterogeneous networks, 19 resource allocation, uplink and downlink
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics