Detection of Ethanol Concentration in Liquid Using a Double-Layered Resonator Operating at 5G-mm-Wave Frequencies

Qureshi, Suhail Asghar; Abidin, Zuhairiah Zainal; Majid, Huda A.; Ashyap, Adel Y. I.; See, Chan Hwang

Abstract

A new sensing technique for rapidly detecting ethanol concentration in aqueous solutions based on electromagnetic resonance is discussed. The sensor has two substrate layers and operates at 5G-mm-wave frequencies. An experimental study of the new resonator's configuration determines the sensor's sensitivity. During the measurements, 6 samples were modeled with varying amounts of ethanol concentration in the water. The results showed that S 11 resonance moves linearly towards higher frequencies as the ethanol content increases. The resonant frequency shifted at 0.178 GHz per 10% increase in ethanol towards higher frequencies. As a result, the proposed 5G-mm-wave-sensing technique based on a replaceable sensing layer was proved to be suitable for rapid, accurate, and low-cost alcohol content detection in liquids.

Citation

Qureshi, S. A., Abidin, Z. Z., Majid, H. A., Ashyap, A. Y. I., & See, C. H. (2022). Detection of Ethanol Concentration in Liquid Using a Double-Layered Resonator Operating at 5G-mm-Wave Frequencies. Journal of Electronic Materials, 51, 7028-7036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09932-w

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 1, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Sep 26, 2022
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Deposit Date: Sep 27, 2022
• Journal: Journal of Electronic Materials
• Print ISSN: 0361-5235
• Electronic ISSN: 1543-186X
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 51
• Pages: 7028-7036
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09932-w
• Keywords: Resonator, 5G-mm-wave, Ethanol, Liquid, Sensor
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2924665