The Latent Structure of ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD in a General Population Sample from USA: A Factor Mixture Modelling Approach

Redican, Enya; Cloitre, Marylene; Hyland, Philip; McBride, Orla; Karatzias, Thanos; Murphy, Jamie; Shevlin, Mark

Abstract

The validity of ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD), as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ; Cloitre et al., 2018) has been supported in many factor analytic and mixture modelling studies. There is, however, a paucity of research investigating the latent structure of the ITQ using factor mixture modelling (FMM). FMM was applied to data collected from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N=1834). FMM results demonstrated strong support for a two-factor second-order model with four qualitatively distinct latent classes: a ‘PTSD class’, a ‘CPTSD class’, a ‘DSO’ (Disturbances in Self-Organisation) class and a ‘low symptoms class’. Sexual abuse increased likelihood of membership to the ‘CPTSD’ (OR = 3.22) and physical abuse decreased likelihood of membership to the ‘PTSD’ (OR=0.51). Trauma exposure in adulthood predicted ‘PTSD’ and ‘CPTSD’ class membership. The ‘CPTSD class’ was characterised by higher levels of psychopathological co-morbidities and poorer psychological wellbeing compared to all other classes. Results provide additional support for the validity of PTSD and CPTSD as measured by the ITQ.

Citation

Redican, E., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., McBride, O., Karatzias, T., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2022). The Latent Structure of ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD in a General Population Sample from USA: A Factor Mixture Modelling Approach. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 85, Article 102497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102497

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 2, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Nov 6, 2021
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Deposit Date: Nov 2, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: May 7, 2023
• Print ISSN: 0887-6185
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 85
• Article Number: 102497
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102497
• Keywords: ICD-11; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; factor mixture model
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2818244