The Latent Structure of ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD in a General Population Sample from USA: A Factor Mixture Modelling Approach

Redican, Enya; Cloitre, Marylene; Hyland, Philip; McBride, Orla; Karatzias, Thanos; Murphy, Jamie; Shevlin, Mark

Abstract

The validity of ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD), as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ; Cloitre et al., 2018) has been supported in many factor analytic and mixture modelling studies. There is, however, a paucity of research investigating the latent structure of the ITQ using factor mixture modelling (FMM). FMM was applied to data collected from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N=1834). FMM results demonstrated strong support for a two-factor second-order model with four qualitatively distinct latent classes: a ‘PTSD class’, a ‘CPTSD class’, a ‘DSO’ (Disturbances in Self-Organisation) class and a ‘low symptoms class’. Sexual abuse increased likelihood of membership to the ‘CPTSD’ (OR = 3.22) and physical abuse decreased likelihood of membership to the ‘PTSD’ (OR=0.51). Trauma exposure in adulthood predicted ‘PTSD’ and ‘CPTSD’ class membership. The ‘CPTSD class’ was characterised by higher levels of psychopathological co-morbidities and poorer psychological wellbeing compared to all other classes. Results provide additional support for the validity of PTSD and CPTSD as measured by the ITQ.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 2, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Nov 6, 2021
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Deposit Date: Nov 2, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: May 7, 2023
• Print ISSN: 0887-6185
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 85
• Article Number: 102497
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102497
• Keywords: ICD-11; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; factor mixture model
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2818244