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How to build a bone: PHOSPHO1, biomineralization and beyond

Dillon, Scott; Staines, Katherine A.; Mill�n, Jos� Luis; Farquharson, Colin

Authors

Scott Dillon

Katherine A. Staines

Jos� Luis Mill�n

Colin Farquharson



Abstract

Since its characterization two decades ago, the phosphatase PHOSPHO1 has been the subject of an increasing focus of research. This work has elucidated PHOSPHO1’s central role in the biomineralization of bone and other hard tissues, but has also implicated the enzyme in other biological processes in health and disease. During mineralization PHOSPHO1 liberates inorganic phosphate (Pi) to be incorporated into the mineral phase through hydrolysis of its substrates phosphocholine (PCho) and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Localization of PHOSPHO1 within matrix vesicles allows accumulation of Pi within a protected environment where mineral crystals may nucleate and subsequently invade the organic collagenous scaffold. Here, we examine the evidence for this process, first discussing the discovery and characterization of PHOSPHO1, before considering experimental evidence for its canonical role in matrix vesicle-mediated biomineralization. We also contemplate roles for PHOSPHO1 in disorders of dysregulated mineralization such as vascular calcification, along with emerging evidence of its activity in other systems including choline synthesis and homeostasis, and energy metabolism.

Citation

Dillon, S., Staines, K. A., Millán, J. L., & Farquharson, C. (2019). How to build a bone: PHOSPHO1, biomineralization and beyond. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Plus, 3(7), Article e10202. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10202

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 6, 2019
Online Publication Date May 10, 2019
Publication Date 2019-07
Deposit Date May 9, 2019
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Plus
Print ISSN 2473-4039
Publisher Wiley
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 3
Issue 7
Article Number e10202
DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10202
Keywords PHOSPHO1, phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate, biomineralization, matrix vesicle
Public URL http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1789359

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
© 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.






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