ICD‐11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States: A Population‐Based Study

Cloitre, Marylene; Hyland, Philip; Bisson, Jonathan I.; Brewin, Chris R.; Roberts, Neil P.; Karatzias, Thanos; Shevlin, Mark

Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the current prevalence rates of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among the adult population of the United States and to identify characteristics and correlates associated with each disorder. A total of 7.2% of the sample met criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD where the prevalence rate for PTSD was 3.4% and for CPTSD was 3.8%. Females were more likely than males to meet criteria for both PTSD and CPTSD. Cumulative adulthood trauma was associated with PTSD and CPTSD, however cumulative childhood trauma was more strongly associated with CPTSD than PTSD. Among traumatic stressors occurring in childhood, sexual and physical abuse by caregivers were identified as events associated with risk for CPTSD while sexual assault (by non-caregiver) and abduction were risk factors for PTSD. Adverse childhood events (ACEs) were associated with both PTSD and CPTSD and equally so. Those with CPTSD reported substantially higher psychiatric burden and lower psychological well-being compared to those with PTSD, and with neither diagnosis.

Citation

Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., Roberts, N. P., Karatzias, T., & Shevlin, M. (2019). ICD‐11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States: A Population‐Based Study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(6), 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22454

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 29, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Dec 4, 2019
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Deposit Date: Apr 8, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Dec 5, 2020
• Journal: Journal of Traumatic Stress
• Print ISSN: 0894-9867
• Electronic ISSN: 1573-6598
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 32
• Issue: 6
• Pages: 833-842
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22454
• Keywords: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); complex PTSD (CPTSD); cumulative trauma; childhood trauma; prevalence
• Public URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1715220
• Contract Date: Apr 8, 2019