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Obesity in PCOS: a consequence of prenatally programmed reduced energy expenditure (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Siemienowicz, K., Rae, M., Lerner, A., Franks, S., & Duncan, C. (2015, July). Obesity in PCOS: a consequence of prenatally programmed reduced energy expenditure. Paper presented at Society for Reproduction and Fertility Annual Conference

Polycystic ovary syndrome, a common endocrine condition affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age, is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and obesity. Obesity is associated with increased energy intake or reduced... Read More about Obesity in PCOS: a consequence of prenatally programmed reduced energy expenditure.

In an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prenatal androgens suppress female fetal renal gluconeogenesis. (2015)
Journal Article
Kanellopoulos-Langevin, C., Connolly, F., Rae, M. T., Späth, K., Boswell, L., McNeilly, A. S., & Duncan, W. C. (2015). In an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prenatal androgens suppress female fetal renal gluconeogenesis. PLOS ONE, 10, Article e0132113. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132113

Increased maternal androgen exposure during pregnancy programmes a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like condition, with metabolic dysfunction, in adult female offspring. Other in utero exposures associated with the development of insulin resistance,... Read More about In an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prenatal androgens suppress female fetal renal gluconeogenesis..

The local effects of ovarian diathermy in an ovine model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2014)
Journal Article
Shen, W., Connolly, F., Rae, M. T., Butler, M., Klibanov, A. L., Sboros, V., …Duncan, W. C. (2014). The local effects of ovarian diathermy in an ovine model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. PLOS ONE, 9, Article e111280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111280

In order to develop a medical alternative to surgical ovarian diathermy (OD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) more mechanistic information is required about OD. We therefore studied the cellular, molecular and vascular effects of diathermy on the... Read More about The local effects of ovarian diathermy in an ovine model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response (2014)
Journal Article
Wheelhouse, N., Coyle, C., Barlow, P. G., Mitchell, S., Greub, G., Baszler, T., …Longbottom, D. (2014). Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response. PLOS ONE, 9(7), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102386

BACKGROUND Waddlia chondrophila (W. chondrophila) is an emerging abortifacient organism which has been identified in the placentae of humans and cattle. The organism is a member of the order Chlamydiales, and shares many similarities at the genome... Read More about Waddlia chondrophila Infects and Multiplies in Ovine Trophoblast Cells Stimulating an Inflammatory Immune Response.

The pathophysiology of increased hepatic IGF1 expression in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Siemienowicz, K., Boswell, L., Carr, D., Mina, T., Connolly, F., Rae, M., & Duncan, C. (2014, May). The pathophysiology of increased hepatic IGF1 expression in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Poster presented at 16th European Congress of Endocrinology

Exposure of pregnant sheep to increased concentrations of testosterone during midgestation results in a PCOS-like condition in the female offspring that includes increased hepatic IGF1. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular pathophys... Read More about The pathophysiology of increased hepatic IGF1 expression in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Excess Androgens in Utero Alters Fetal Testis Development. (2013)
Journal Article
Connolly, F., Rae, M. T., Bittner, L., Hogg, K., McNeilly, A. S., & Duncan, W. C. (2013). Excess Androgens in Utero Alters Fetal Testis Development. Endocrinology, 154, 1921-1933. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-2153

Prenatal androgenization induces a polycystic ovary syndrome-like phenotype in adult female offspring, which is associated with alterations that can be detected in the fetal ovary, suggesting gestational origins of this condition. We therefore invest... Read More about Excess Androgens in Utero Alters Fetal Testis Development..

The Pancreas Is Altered by In Utero Androgen Exposure: Implications for Clinical Conditions Such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2013)
Journal Article
Franks, S., Rae, M. T., Grace, C., Hogg, K., Wilson, L. M., McHaffie, S. L., …Duncan, C. (2013). The Pancreas Is Altered by In Utero Androgen Exposure: Implications for Clinical Conditions Such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PLOS ONE, 8(2), Article e56263. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056263

Using an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), (pregnant ewes injected with testosterone propionate (TP) (100 mg twice weekly) from day (d)62 to d102 of d147 gestation (maternal injection – MI-TP)), we previously reported female offspring... Read More about The Pancreas Is Altered by In Utero Androgen Exposure: Implications for Clinical Conditions Such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Maternal undernutrition does not alter Sertoli cell numbers or the expression of key developmental markers in the mid-gestation ovine fetal testis (2013)
Journal Article
Andrade, L. P., Rhind, S. M., Rae, M. T., Kyle, C. E., Jowett, J., & Lea, R. G. (2013). Maternal undernutrition does not alter Sertoli cell numbers or the expression of key developmental markers in the mid-gestation ovine fetal testis. Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-12-2

Background The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal undernutrition on ovine fetal testis morphology and expression of relevant histological indicators. Maternal undernutrition, in sheep, has been reported, previously, to alter... Read More about Maternal undernutrition does not alter Sertoli cell numbers or the expression of key developmental markers in the mid-gestation ovine fetal testis.

Cortisol Inactivation by 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 May Enhance Endometrial Angiogenesis via Reduced Thrombospondin-1 in Heavy Menstruation (2009)
Journal Article
Rae, M. T., Mohamad, A., Price, D., Hadoke, P. W. F., Walker, B. R., Mason, J. I., …Critchley, H. O. D. (2009). Cortisol Inactivation by 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 May Enhance Endometrial Angiogenesis via Reduced Thrombospondin-1 in Heavy Menstruation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 94, 1443-1450. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1879

Context: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB; menorrhagia) impairs quality of life for women and requires medication or surgery. Because glucocorticoids inhibit angiogenesis in other organs, we hypothesized that endometrium of women with HMB is subject to... Read More about Cortisol Inactivation by 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 May Enhance Endometrial Angiogenesis via Reduced Thrombospondin-1 in Heavy Menstruation.

Anti-inflammatory steroid signalling in the human peritoneum (2008)
Journal Article
Fegan, K. S., Rae, M. T., Critchley, H. O. D., & Hillier, S. G. (2008). Anti-inflammatory steroid signalling in the human peritoneum. Journal of Endocrinology, 196, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0419

Peritoneal surface epithelial (PSE) cells participate in adhesion formation following inflammatory injury yet adjacent ovarian SE (OSE) cells regenerate without scarification after ovulation. OSE cells show inflammation-associated expression of 11β h... Read More about Anti-inflammatory steroid signalling in the human peritoneum.

Ovulation and Ovarian Cancer (2008)
Book Chapter
Hillier, S. G., Rae, M. T., & Gubbay, O. (2008). Ovulation and Ovarian Cancer. In Hormonal Carcinogenesis V; (171-178). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_16

Ovarian cancer (OC) most frequently arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), which comprises a single layer of mesothelial, squamous-to-cuboidal cells covering the entire surface of the ovary (1). This dynamic cellular layer and underlying b... Read More about Ovulation and Ovarian Cancer.

Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of MMP9 gene expression in human ovarian surface epithelial cells (2008)
Journal Article
Rae, M. T., Price, D., Harlow, C. R., Critchley, H. O. D., & Hillier, S. G. (2009). Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of MMP9 gene expression in human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Fertility and Sterility, 92(2), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.040

Objective To obtain proof-of-concept that locally produced anti-inflammatory steroids suppress ovulation-associated extracellular matrix proteases in human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. Design Primary OSE cell cultures treated with int... Read More about Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of MMP9 gene expression in human ovarian surface epithelial cells.

Thyroid hormone signaling in human ovarian surface epithelial cells. (2007)
Journal Article
Rae, M. T., Gubbay, O., NaKostogiannou, A., Price, D., Critchley, H. O. D., & Hillier, S. G. (2007). Thyroid hormone signaling in human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 92, 322-327. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1522

Ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells express multiple nuclear hormone receptor genes, including those encoding thyroid hormone and estrogen receptors (TR and ER, respectively). Ovarian cancer is hormone-dependent, and epidemiological evidence links... Read More about Thyroid hormone signaling in human ovarian surface epithelial cells..

Effects of maternal undernutrition during early pregnancy on apoptosis regulators in the ovine fetal ovary. (2006)
Journal Article
Lea, R. G., Andrade, L. P., Rae, M. T., Hannah, L. T., Kyle, C. E., Murray, J. F., …Miller, D. W. (2006). Effects of maternal undernutrition during early pregnancy on apoptosis regulators in the ovine fetal ovary. Reproduction, 131, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00844

This study aimed to determine whether reduced fetal ovary folliculogenesis in ewes undernourished during early/midpregnancy is associated with altered ovarian cell proliferation and/or the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes. Groups of ewes (n =... Read More about Effects of maternal undernutrition during early pregnancy on apoptosis regulators in the ovine fetal ovary..

Oestrogen formation and connective tissue growth factor expression in rat granulosa cells (2006)
Journal Article
Harlow, C. R., Bradshaw, A. C., Rae, M. T., Shearer, K. D., & Hillier, S. G. (2007). Oestrogen formation and connective tissue growth factor expression in rat granulosa cells. Journal of Endocrinology, 192(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06689

Ovarian follicular development involves continual remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) forming the basement membrane and intercellular framework that support granulosa cell (GC) growth and differentiation. Insight into the molecular regulati... Read More about Oestrogen formation and connective tissue growth factor expression in rat granulosa cells.

Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy programs hepatic mRNA expression of growth-related genes and liver size in adult male sheep (2006)
Journal Article
Hyatt, M. A., Gopalakrishnan, G. S., Bispham, J., Gentili, S., McMillen, I. C., Rhind, S. M., …Symonds, M. E. (2007). Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy programs hepatic mRNA expression of growth-related genes and liver size in adult male sheep. Journal of Endocrinology, 192(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06801

The liver is a major metabolic and endocrine organ of critical importance in the regulation of growth and metabolism. Its function is determined by a complex interaction of nutritionally regulated counter-regulatory hormones. The extent to which hepa... Read More about Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy programs hepatic mRNA expression of growth-related genes and liver size in adult male sheep.

cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signalling and ovarian surface epithelial cell survival (2006)
Journal Article
Gubbay, O., Rae, M. T., McNeilly, A. S., Donadeu, F. X., Zeleznik, A. J., & Hillier, S. G. (2006). cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signalling and ovarian surface epithelial cell survival. Journal of Endocrinology, 191(1), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06928

cAMP response-element binding (CREB) transcription factors transduce cell survival responses to peptide hormones and growth factors in normal tissues and mutant CREB proteins are implicated in tumorigenesis. Ovarian cancer most frequently arises from... Read More about cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signalling and ovarian surface epithelial cell survival.

Steroid signalling in the ovarian surface epithelium (2005)
Journal Article
Rae, M. T., & Hillier, S. G. (2005). Steroid signalling in the ovarian surface epithelium. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16(7), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2005.07.002

Human ovarian surface epithelium (HOSE) undergoes serial injury-repair with each ovulation, which is probably why most ovarian epithelial cancers arise there. Considering the proposed inflammatory aetiology of ovarian cancer, anti-inflammatory steroi... Read More about Steroid signalling in the ovarian surface epithelium.