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All Outputs (19)

The importance of detailed context reinstatement for the production of identifiable composite faces from memory (2021)
Journal Article
Fodarella, C., Marsh, J. E., Chu, S., Athwal-Kooner, P., Jones, H. S., Skelton, F. C., …Frowd, C. D. (2021). The importance of detailed context reinstatement for the production of identifiable composite faces from memory. Visual Cognition, 29(3), 180-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2021.1890292

Memory is facilitated by reflecting upon, or revisiting, the environment in which information was encoded. We investigated these “context reinstatement” (CR) techniques to improve the effectiveness of facial composites – visual likenesses of a perpet... Read More about The importance of detailed context reinstatement for the production of identifiable composite faces from memory.

Constructing identifiable composite faces: The importance of cognitive alignment of interview and construction procedure (2019)
Journal Article
Skelton, F. C., Frowd, C. D., Hancock, P. J. B., Jones, H. S., Jones, B. C., Fodarella, C., …Logan, K. (2020). Constructing identifiable composite faces: The importance of cognitive alignment of interview and construction procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 26(3), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000257

We investigated the impact of congruency between the witness interview and method used to construct a composite face. Experiment 1, using a typical feature-by-feature composite method, revealed that aligning cognitive processes during interview and... Read More about Constructing identifiable composite faces: The importance of cognitive alignment of interview and construction procedure.

The impact of external facial features on the construction of facial composites (2018)
Journal Article
Brown, C., Portch, E., Skelton, F. C., Fodarella, C., Kuivaniemi-Smith, H., Herold, K., …Frowd, C. D. (2019). The impact of external facial features on the construction of facial composites. Ergonomics, 62(4), 575-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2018.1556816

Witnesses may construct a composite face of a perpetrator using a computerised interface. Police practitioners guide witnesses through this unusual process, the goal being to produce an identifiable image. However, any changes a perpetrator makes to... Read More about The impact of external facial features on the construction of facial composites.

Chatting in the face of the eyewitness: the impact of extraneous cell-phone conversation on memory for a perpetrator (2017)
Journal Article
Marsh, J. E., Patel, K., Labonté, K., Battersby, K. L., Frowd, C. D., Ball, L. J., …Vachon, F. (2017). Chatting in the face of the eyewitness: the impact of extraneous cell-phone conversation on memory for a perpetrator. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(3), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000101

Cell-phone conversation is ubiquitous within public spaces. The current study investigates whether ignored cell-phone conversation impairs eyewitness memory for a perpetrator. Participants viewed a video of a staged crime in the presence of 1 side of... Read More about Chatting in the face of the eyewitness: the impact of extraneous cell-phone conversation on memory for a perpetrator.

A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis (2015)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Lampinen, J. M., Erickson, W. B., Skelton, F. C., McIntyre, A. H., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2015). A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis. Journal of Forensic Practice, 17(4), 319-334. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-08-2014-0025

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch. Design/methodology/app... Read More about A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis.

The impact of irrelevant auditory facial descriptions on memory for target faces: implications for eyewitness memory (2015)
Journal Article
Marsh, J. E., Demaine, J., Bell, R., Skelton, F. C., Frowd, C. D., Roer, J. P., & Buchner, A. (2015). The impact of irrelevant auditory facial descriptions on memory for target faces: implications for eyewitness memory. Journal of Forensic Practice, 17(4), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-08-2014-0029

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential susceptibility of eyewitness memory to the presence of extraneous background speech that comprises a description consistent with, or at odds with, a target face. Design/method... Read More about The impact of irrelevant auditory facial descriptions on memory for target faces: implications for eyewitness memory.

The benefit of context for facial-composite construction (2015)
Journal Article
Skelton, F. C., Frowd, C. D., & Speers, K. E. (2015). The benefit of context for facial-composite construction. British Journal of Forensic Practice, 17(4), 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-08-2014-0022

Purpose - The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a whole-face context during facial composite production facilitates construction of facial composite images. Design/Methodology - In Experiment 1, constructors viewed a celeb... Read More about The benefit of context for facial-composite construction.

Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990) (2014)
Journal Article
Alogna, V. K., Attaya, M. K., Aucoin, P., Bahník, Š., Birch, S., Birt, A. R., …Zwaan, R. A. (2014). Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5), 556-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614545653

Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability to remember it later. However, after watching a video of a simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying the robber in a lineup th... Read More about Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990).

Configural and featural information in facial-composite images (2013)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Jones, S., Fodarella, C., Skelton, F. C., Fields, S., Williams, A., …Hancock, P. J. (2014). Configural and featural information in facial-composite images. Science & Justice, 54(3), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2013.11.001

Eyewitnesses are often invited to construct a facial composite, an image created of the person they saw commit a crime that is used by law enforcement to locate criminal suspects. In the current paper, the effectiveness of composite images was inves... Read More about Configural and featural information in facial-composite images.

Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory. (2013)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Hepton, G., Holden, L., Minahil, S., Pitchford, M., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2013). Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory. Science & Justice, 53, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2012.12.004

Research has indicated that traditional methods for accessing facial memories usually yield unidentifiable images. Recent research, however, has made important improvements in this area to the witness interview, method used for constructing the face... Read More about Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory..

Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Pitchford, M., Bruce, V., Atkins, R., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites. Visual Cognition, 20, 1215-1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2012.743936

Eyewitnesses often construct a ‘composite’ face of a person they saw commit a crime, a picture that police use to identify suspects. We described a technique (Frowd et al., 2007, Visual Cognition, 15, 1-31) based on facial caricature to facilitate r... Read More about Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites..

Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Nelson, L., Skelton, F. C., Noyce, R., Atkins, R., Heard, P., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 576-584. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2829

Eyewitnesses are often asked to describe the appearance of an offender’s face, normally as part of a cognitive interview (CI), and then to construct a facial composite of it by selecting hair, eyes, nose, etc. Recent research indicates that facial c... Read More about Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems..

Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Pitchford, M., Hepton, G., Holden, L., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027393

Recognition memory for unfamiliar faces is facilitated when contextual cues (e.g. head pose, background environment, hair and clothing) are consistent between study and test. By contrast, inconsistencies in external features, especially hair, promot... Read More about Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features..

Evolving an identifiable face of a criminal (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Evolving an identifiable face of a criminal. The psychologist, 25, 116-119

Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials. (2011)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Hancock, P. J. B., Bruce, V., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Nelson, L., …Sendrea, G. (2011). Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(3), 34-46

Often, the only evidence of an offender’s identity comes from the memory of an eyewitness. For over 12 years, we have been developing software called EvoFIT to help eyewitnesses recover their memories of offenders’ faces, to assist police investigati... Read More about Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials..

Familiarity effects in the construction of facial composite images using modern software systems. (2011)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Butt, N., Hassan, A., Fields, S., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2011). Familiarity effects in the construction of facial composite images using modern software systems. Ergonomics, 54, 1147-1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2011.623328

We investigate the effect of target familiarity on the construction of facial composites, as used by law-enforcement to locate criminal suspects. Two popular software construction methods were investigated. Participants were shown a target face tha... Read More about Familiarity effects in the construction of facial composite images using modern software systems..

Witness Interviews: Does recall of relational information improve identifiability of a facial composite? (2011)
Journal Article
Skelton, F. C., Frowd, C. D., & Andrews, S. (2011). Witness Interviews: Does recall of relational information improve identifiability of a facial composite?. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 5, 37-48

Facial composites are used by Police to generate lines of enquiry; unfortunately composites made by traditional ‘feature’ systems are not often accurately named. One reason could be that these systems tend to rely on descriptions of the criminal’s fa... Read More about Witness Interviews: Does recall of relational information improve identifiability of a facial composite?.

Do children utilize motion when recognizing faces? (2008)
Journal Article
Skelton, F., & Hay, D. (2008). Do children utilize motion when recognizing faces?. Visual Cognition, 16(4), 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280701577496

Previous research indicates that unfamiliar faces may be recognised better if they are viewed in motion. This study utilised a three trial learning paradigm to investigate whether unfamiliar faces are learnt more quickly from moving clips than from s... Read More about Do children utilize motion when recognizing faces?.