Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements trigger equivalent gaze-cued orienting effects (2018)
Journal Article
Langton, S. R., McIntyre, A. H., Hancock, P. J., & Leder, H. (2018). Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements trigger equivalent gaze-cued orienting effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17470218.2017.1. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1362703

Research has established that a perceived eye gaze produces a concomitant shift in a viewer’s spatial attention in the direction of that gaze. The two experiments reported here investigate the extent to which the nature of the eye movement made by th... Read More about Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements trigger equivalent gaze-cued orienting effects.

Holistic face processing can inhibit recognition of forensic facial composites. (2016)
Journal Article
Hancock, P. J. B., Frowd, C. D., Langton, S. R. H., & McIntyre, A. H. (2016). Holistic face processing can inhibit recognition of forensic facial composites. Law and Human Behavior, 40(2), 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000160

Facial composite systems help eyewitnesses to show the appearance of criminals. However, likenesses created by unfamiliar witnesses will not be completely accurate, and people familiar with the target can find them difficult to identify. Faces are p... Read More about Holistic face processing can inhibit recognition of forensic facial composites..

Registered replication report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990) (2014)
Journal Article
Alogna, V. K., Attaya, M. K., Aucoin, P., Bahník, Š., Birch, S., Birt, A. R., …Zwaan, R. A. (2014). Registered replication report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, 556-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614545653

Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability to remember it later. However, after watching a video of a simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying the robber in a lineup th... Read More about Registered replication report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990).

Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory. (2013)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Hepton, G., Holden, L., Minahil, S., Pitchford, M., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2013). Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory. Science & Justice, 53, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2012.12.004

Research has indicated that traditional methods for accessing facial memories usually yield unidentifiable images. Recent research, however, has made important improvements in this area to the witness interview, method used for constructing the face... Read More about Whole-face procedures for recovering facial images from memory..

Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Nelson, L., Skelton, F. C., Noyce, R., Atkins, R., Heard, P., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 576-584. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2829

Eyewitnesses are often asked to describe the appearance of an offender’s face, normally as part of a cognitive interview (CI), and then to construct a facial composite of it by selecting hair, eyes, nose, etc. Recent research indicates that facial c... Read More about Interviewing techniques for Darwinian facial-composite systems..

Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Pitchford, M., Bruce, V., Atkins, R., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites. Visual Cognition, 20, 1215-1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2012.743936

Eyewitnesses often construct a ‘composite’ face of a person they saw commit a crime, a picture that police use to identify suspects. We described a technique (Frowd et al., 2007, Visual Cognition, 15, 1-31) based on facial caricature to facilitate r... Read More about Understanding the multiframe caricature advantage for recognizing facial composites..

Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features. (2012)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Pitchford, M., Hepton, G., Holden, L., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2012). Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027393

Recognition memory for unfamiliar faces is facilitated when contextual cues (e.g. head pose, background environment, hair and clothing) are consistent between study and test. By contrast, inconsistencies in external features, especially hair, promot... Read More about Recovering faces from memory: the distracting influence of external facial features..

Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials. (2011)
Journal Article
Frowd, C. D., Hancock, P. J. B., Bruce, V., Skelton, F. C., Atherton, C., Nelson, L., …Sendrea, G. (2011). Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(3), 34-46

Often, the only evidence of an offender’s identity comes from the memory of an eyewitness. For over 12 years, we have been developing software called EvoFIT to help eyewitnesses recover their memories of offenders’ faces, to assist police investigati... Read More about Catching more offenders with EvoFIT facial composites: Lab research and Police field trials..

Seeing More Clearly with Glasses?: The Impact of Glasses and Technology on Unfamiliar Face Matching and Identification of Facial Composites (2010)
Conference Proceeding
McIntyre, A. H., Hancock, P. J., Frowd, C. D., & Bruce, V. (2010). Seeing More Clearly with Glasses?: The Impact of Glasses and Technology on Unfamiliar Face Matching and Identification of Facial Composites. In 2010 International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (EST)doi:10.1109/est.2010.30

The development of facial identification technologies is of vital importance for security. We demonstrate that psychology can ensure innovation produces applications with effective human outcomes. Experiments 1a-c show spectacle removal imaging techn... Read More about Seeing More Clearly with Glasses?: The Impact of Glasses and Technology on Unfamiliar Face Matching and Identification of Facial Composites.

Evolving the memory of a criminal’s face: methods to search a face space more effectively (2009)
Journal Article
Frowd, C., Bruce, V., Pitchford, M., Gannon, C., Robinson, M., Tredoux, C., …Hancock, P. J. B. (2009). Evolving the memory of a criminal’s face: methods to search a face space more effectively. Soft Computing. 14. (1). 81-90. doi:10.1007/s00500-008-0391-z. ISSN 1432-7643.

Witnesses and victims of serious crime are often required to construct a facial composite, a visual likeness of a suspect’s face. The traditional method is for them to select individual facial features to build a face, but often these images are of p... Read More about Evolving the memory of a criminal’s face: methods to search a face space more effectively.

Effecting an improvement to the fitness function. How to evolve a more identifiable face. (2008)
Conference Proceeding
Frowd, C., Park, J., McIntyre, A., Bruce, V., Pitchford, M., Fields, S., …Hancock, P. J. (2008). Effecting an improvement to the fitness function. How to evolve a more identifiable face. In ECSIS Symposium on Bio-inspired Learning and Intelligent Systems for Security, 2008. BLISS '08doi:10.1109/bliss.2008.28

Constructing the face of a criminal from the selection of individual facial parts is a hard task. We have been working on a new system called EvoFIT that involves the selection and breeding of complete faces. The approach is theoretically better foun... Read More about Effecting an improvement to the fitness function. How to evolve a more identifiable face..

An application of caricature: How to improve the recognition of facial composites (2007)
Journal Article
Frowd, C., Bruce, V., Ross, D., McIntyre, A., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2007). An application of caricature: How to improve the recognition of facial composites. Visual Cognition, 15(8), 954-984. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280601058951

Facial caricatures exaggerate the distinctive features of a face and may elevate the recognition of a familiar face. We investigate whether the recognition of facial composites, or pictures of criminal faces, could be similarly enhanced. In this stud... Read More about An application of caricature: How to improve the recognition of facial composites.

Evolving the face of a criminal: How to search a face space more effectively. (2007)
Conference Proceeding
Frowd, C. D., Bruce, V., Gannon, C., Robinson, M., Tredoux, C., Park, J., …Hancock, P. J. (2007). Evolving the face of a criminal: How to search a face space more effectively. In ECSIS Symposium on Bio-inspired, Learning, and Intelligent Systems for Security, 2007. BLISS 2007doi:10.1109/bliss.2007.28

Witnesses and victims of serious crime are often required to construct a facial composite, a visual likeness of a suspect's face. The traditional method is for them to select individual facial features to build a face, but often these images are of p... Read More about Evolving the face of a criminal: How to search a face space more effectively..

The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites (2007)
Journal Article
Frowd, C., Bruce, V., McIntyre, A., & Hancock, P. (2007). The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites. British Journal of Psychology, 98(1), 61-77. doi:10.1348/000712606x104481

Three experiments are reported that compare the quality of external with internal regions within a set of facial composites using two matching-type tasks. Composites are constructed with the aim of triggering recognition from people familiar with the... Read More about The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites.

Adding Holistic Dimensions to a Facial Composite System (2006)
Conference Proceeding
Frowd, C., Bruce, V., McIntyre, A., & Hancock, P. (2006). Adding Holistic Dimensions to a Facial Composite System. In 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2006. FGR 2006doi:10.1109/fgr.2006.20

Facial composites are typically constructed by witnesses to crime by describing a suspect?s face and then selecting facial features from a kit of parts. Unfortunately, when produced in this way, composites are very poorly identified. In contrast, the... Read More about Adding Holistic Dimensions to a Facial Composite System.