Outputs (19)

A Novel Autonomous Adaptive Frame Size for Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol (2024)
Journal Article
Alahmadi, H., Bouabdallah, F., Al-Dubai, A., & Ghaleb, B. (2024). A Novel Autonomous Adaptive Frame Size for Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 20(10), 12284-12293. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3417308

LoRa networks represent a promising technology for IoT applications due to their long range, low cost, and energy efficiency. However, their ALOHA-based access method and duty cycle restrictions can limit their scalability and reliability in high-den... Read More about A Novel Autonomous Adaptive Frame Size for Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol.

ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Huma, Z. E., Ahmad, J., Hamadi, H. A., Ghaleb, B., Buchanan, W. J., & Jan, S. U. (2024, February). ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT. Presented at 2024 2nd International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR), Dubai, United Arab Emirates

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of modern societies, with devices, networks, and applications offering industrial, economic, and social benefits. However, these devices and networks generate vast amounts of data, making them... Read More about ACNN-IDS: An Attention-Based CNN for Cyberattack Detection in IoT.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in Oil and Gas Industry: Applications, Requirements and Existing Solutions (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wadhaj, I., Ghaleb, B., & Thomson, C. (2021, June). Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in Oil and Gas Industry: Applications, Requirements and Existing Solutions. Presented at International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Intelligent Systems (ICETIS 2021), Online

Effective measurement and monitoring of certain parameters (temperature, pressure, flow etc.) is crucial for the safety and optimization of processes in the Oil and Gas Industry. Wired sensors have been extensively utilized for this purpose but are c... Read More about Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in Oil and Gas Industry: Applications, Requirements and Existing Solutions.

An RPL based Optimal Sensors placement in Pipeline Monitoring WSNs (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Wadhaj, I., Thomson, C., & Ghaleb, B. (2021, June). An RPL based Optimal Sensors placement in Pipeline Monitoring WSNs. Presented at International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Intelligent Systems (ICETIS 2021), Online

Compared to an ordinary sensor network, Linear Sensor Networks (LSNs) has many applications in a number of areas such as surveillance and monitoring of international boundaries for illegal crossing, river environment monitoring and roads monitoring e... Read More about An RPL based Optimal Sensors placement in Pipeline Monitoring WSNs.

Mitigation Mechanisms Against the DAO Attack on the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) (2020)
Journal Article
Wadhaj, I., Ghaleb, B., Thomson, C., Al-Dubai, A., & Buchanan, W. J. (2020). Mitigation Mechanisms Against the DAO Attack on the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). IEEE Access, 8, 43665-43675. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977476

Destination Advertisement Objects (DAOs) are sent upward by RPL nodes toward the DODAG root, to build the downward routing paths carrying traffic from the root to its associated nodes. This routing mechanism can be exploited by a malicious node perio... Read More about Mitigation Mechanisms Against the DAO Attack on the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL).

Efficient Routing Primitives for Low-power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things (2019)
Thesis
Ghaleb, B. Efficient Routing Primitives for Low-power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things. (Thesis). Edinburgh Napier University. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2070542

At the heart of the Internet of Things (IoTs) are the Low-power and Lossy networks (LLNs), a collection of interconnected battery-operated and resource-constrained tiny devices that enable the realization of a wide range of applications in multiple d... Read More about Efficient Routing Primitives for Low-power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things.

Addressing the DAO Insider Attack in RPL’s Internet of Things Networks (2018)
Journal Article
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Ekonomou, E., Qasem, M., Romdhani, I., & Mackenzie, L. (2019). Addressing the DAO Insider Attack in RPL’s Internet of Things Networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(1), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2878151

In RPL routing protocol, the DAO (Destination Advertisement Object) control messages are announced by the child nodes to their parents to build downward routes. A malicious insider node can exploit this feature to send fake DAOs to its parents period... Read More about Addressing the DAO Insider Attack in RPL’s Internet of Things Networks.

A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations (2018)
Journal Article
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A. Y., Ekonomou, E., Alsarhan, A., Nasser, Y., Mackenzie, L. M., & Boukerche, A. (2019). A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations. Communications Surveys and Tutorials, IEEE Communications Society, 21(2), 1607-1635. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2874356

Driven by the special requirements of the Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), the IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) was standardized by the IETF some six years ago to tackle the routing issue in such networks. Since its introduction, however, num... Read More about A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations.

A Novel Adaptive and Efficient Routing Update Scheme for Low-Power Lossy Networks in IoT (2018)
Journal Article
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Ekonomou, E., Romdhani, I., Nasser, Y., & Boukerche, A. (2018). A Novel Adaptive and Efficient Routing Update Scheme for Low-Power Lossy Networks in IoT. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(6), 12. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2862364

In this paper, we introduce Drizzle, a new algorithm for maintaining routing information in the Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The aim is to address the limitations of the currently standardized routing maintenance (i.e. Trickle algorithm) in s... Read More about A Novel Adaptive and Efficient Routing Update Scheme for Low-Power Lossy Networks in IoT.

Drizzle Algorithm (2018)
Report
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Romdhani, I., & Qasem, M. (2018). Drizzle Algorithm. USA: IETF

Trickle algorithm used in RPL routing protocol suffers from some issues related to power, network convergence time and overhead and
load-distribution. To optimize this algorithm for Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), a new algorithm called Dr... Read More about Drizzle Algorithm.

Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL draft-qasem-roll-rpl-load-balancing-01 (2018)
Report
Qasem, M., Al-Dubai, A., Romdhani, I., & Ghaleb, B. (2018). Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL draft-qasem-roll-rpl-load-balancing-01. USA: IETF

This document proposes an extended Objective Function(OF) that balances the number of children nodes of the parent nodes to avoid the overloading problem and ensure node lifetime maximization in the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Net... Read More about Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL draft-qasem-roll-rpl-load-balancing-01.

Leaf-based Routing Mechanism for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (2018)
Patent
Ghaleb, B., & Al-Dubai, A. (2018). Leaf-based Routing Mechanism for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. 1800668.4. Intellectual Property Office, UK

Unlike existing solutions, our invention provides a “Leaf-Based” mechanism for establishing the Downward routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) that seeks to provide a novel, scalable and efficient routing solution for LLNs, which are the back... Read More about Leaf-based Routing Mechanism for Low-Power and Lossy Networks.

Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL (Draft 2) (2017)
Report
Qasem, M., Al-Dubai, A., Romdhani, I., Ghaleb, B., Hou, J., & Jadhav, R. A. (2017). Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL (Draft 2). USA: IETF

This document proposes an extended Objective Function(OF) that balances the number of child nodes of the parent nodes to avoid the overloading problem and ensure node lifetime maximization in the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Ne... Read More about Load Balancing Objective Function in RPL (Draft 2).

Drizzle: Adaptive and fair route maintenance algorithm for Low-power and Lossy Networks in IoT (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Romdhani, I., Nasser, Y., & Boukerche, A. (2017, May). Drizzle: Adaptive and fair route maintenance algorithm for Low-power and Lossy Networks in IoT. Presented at 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) have been a key component in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Recently, a standardized algorithm, namely Trickle algorithm, is adopted for routing information maintenance in such networks. This algorithm is o... Read More about Drizzle: Adaptive and fair route maintenance algorithm for Low-power and Lossy Networks in IoT.

A new enhanced RPL based routing for Internet of Things (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Ekonomou, E., & Wadhaj, I. (2017, June). A new enhanced RPL based routing for Internet of Things. Presented at 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has been recently standardized for routing in the constrained Internet of Things networks. Unfortunately, the RPL storing mode has been found restricted by storage limitations in the ro... Read More about A new enhanced RPL based routing for Internet of Things.

Trickle-Plus: Elastic Trickle algorithm for Low-power networks and Internet of Things (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., Ekonomou, E., Paechter, B., & Qasem, M. (2016, April). Trickle-Plus: Elastic Trickle algorithm for Low-power networks and Internet of Things. Presented at 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference

Constrained Low-power and Lossy networks (LLNs) represent the building block for the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) that deploy the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) as a key routing standard. RPL, along with other routin... Read More about Trickle-Plus: Elastic Trickle algorithm for Low-power networks and Internet of Things.

Cooja Simulator Manual (2016)
Report
Thomson, C., Romdhani, I., Al-Dubai, A., Qasem, M., Ghaleb, B., & Wadhaj, I. (2016). Cooja Simulator Manual. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Napier University

While Cooja has been proven to be an ideal tool for the simulation of RPL in WSNs, there are challenges involved in its use, particularly in regard to a lack of documentation. The Contiki website provides an image of Instant Contiki which can then be... Read More about Cooja Simulator Manual.

E-Trickle: Enhanced Trickle Algorithm for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ghaleb, B., Al-Dubai, A., & Ekonomou, E. (2015, October). E-Trickle: Enhanced Trickle Algorithm for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. Presented at IEEE 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications

Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) is the de-facto standard for routing in resource-constrained low-power and lossy networks (LLNs) which represent the building block for the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT). RPL along with... Read More about E-Trickle: Enhanced Trickle Algorithm for Low-Power and Lossy Networks.

A novel situation specific network security for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
Journal Article
Al-Rousan, M., Bani Yassein, M., Al-Dubai, A., Ghaleb, B., & Mahmoud, I. (2015). A novel situation specific network security for Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors & transducers, 186(3), 33-42

Researchers have come up with many high level security protocols and key management algorithms that can be applied for different types of networks. The main characteristics of wireless sensor networks that are limited computation and power made it di... Read More about A novel situation specific network security for Wireless Sensor Networks.