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An ultra-endurance event leads to changes in circulating regulatory T-cells, CD4+ naïve and CD8+ effector memory T-cells in the 48 h post-race recovery period (2024)
Journal Article
Lithgow, H., Gibson, L., Wilson, R., Guthrie, N., Ingram-Sills, L., Clifford, T., & Ross, M. (online). An ultra-endurance event leads to changes in circulating regulatory T-cells, CD4+ naïve and CD8+ effector memory T-cells in the 48 h post-race recovery period. European Journal of Applied Physiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05677-y

Purpose Exercise is known to acutely affect T-lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood, which is intensity- and
duration-dependent. However, effects of longer duration endurance exercise (>5 h) on T-cells in the days following are
unknown.... Read More about An ultra-endurance event leads to changes in circulating regulatory T-cells, CD4+ naïve and CD8+ effector memory T-cells in the 48 h post-race recovery period.

The motivations, identities, and environmental sensibilities of contemporary e-mountain bike users (2024)
Book Chapter
Ingram-Sills, L. (2024). The motivations, identities, and environmental sensibilities of contemporary e-mountain bike users. In J. Cherrington (Ed.), Mountain Biking, Culture and Society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-5

During an era of rapid technological improvement, the demand for e-mountain biking is growing. Furthermore, an older demographic of rider participates in e-mountain biking in comparison to traditional mountain biking. This chapter explores the indivi... Read More about The motivations, identities, and environmental sensibilities of contemporary e-mountain bike users.

The Influence of Menstruation on Training Schedules in Well-Trained and Elite Female Mountain Bike, Road and Cyclocross Athletes (2023)
Journal Article
Aitkenhead, R., Kirkwood, L., Florida-James, G., & Ingram-Sills, L. (2023). The Influence of Menstruation on Training Schedules in Well-Trained and Elite Female Mountain Bike, Road and Cyclocross Athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2, 62-75. https://doi.org/10.37393/JASS.2023.02.6

Female physiology is unique and driven by fluctuations in sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. These hormones present myriad mechanisms that may influence physiological systems, potentially implicating exercise performance. However, resear... Read More about The Influence of Menstruation on Training Schedules in Well-Trained and Elite Female Mountain Bike, Road and Cyclocross Athletes.

The future directions and trends for off road e-bike use and impact in Great Britain (2023)
Report
Ingram-Sills, L., Campbell, T., Kirkwood, L., & Florida-James, G. (2023). The future directions and trends for off road e-bike use and impact in Great Britain. British Cycling

The introduction of e-bikes into the cycling industry has resulted in a growing market, with sales demonstrating an increase exponentially over the last five years. Globally it is predicted that e-bikes will reach and potentially surpass 130 million... Read More about The future directions and trends for off road e-bike use and impact in Great Britain.

Influence of menstruation on training schedules in female mountain bike athletes (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Aitkenhead, R., Kirkwood, L., Florida-James, G., & Ingram-Sills, L. (2022, April). Influence of menstruation on training schedules in female mountain bike athletes. Poster presented at The Biomedical Basis of Elite Performance 2022 (The Physiological Society), Nottingham

Female participation in elite sport is rising, the most recent Olympic games, Tokyo 2020, was the most gender-balanced games in history but research within female athletes is lacking. This study investigated if different phases of the menstrual cycle... Read More about Influence of menstruation on training schedules in female mountain bike athletes.

Immune Response of Elite Enduro Racers to Laboratory and Racing Environments: The Influence of Training Impulse and Vibration (2021)
Journal Article
Kirkwood, L., Ingram-Sills, L., Taylor, M. D., Malone, E., & Florida-James, G. (2021). Immune Response of Elite Enduro Racers to Laboratory and Racing Environments: The Influence of Training Impulse and Vibration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), Article 4603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094603

Introduction: Understanding the sport-specific immune response elicited during both training and competition is imperative to maximise athlete health and performance. Despite a growing population of professional enduro mountain bike athletes, little... Read More about Immune Response of Elite Enduro Racers to Laboratory and Racing Environments: The Influence of Training Impulse and Vibration.

Elite mountain bike enduro competition: a study of rider hand-arm vibration exposure (2019)
Journal Article
Kirkwood, L. A., Taylor, M. D., Ingram, L. A., Malone, E., & Florida-James, G. D. (2019). Elite mountain bike enduro competition: a study of rider hand-arm vibration exposure. Journal of Science and Cycling, 8(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.28985/1906.jsc.04

Limited information is currently available regarding the hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure 5 for professional off-road cyclists. Previous reports have suggested that commuting and 6 recreational cyclists are at risk of exceeding exposure limit values... Read More about Elite mountain bike enduro competition: a study of rider hand-arm vibration exposure.

Older men display elevated levels of senescence-associated exercise-responsive CD28null angiogenic T cells compared with younger men (2018)
Journal Article
Ross, M., Ingram, L., Taylor, G., Malone, E., Simpson, R. J., West, D., & Florida-James, G. (2018). Older men display elevated levels of senescence-associated exercise-responsive CD28null angiogenic T cells compared with younger men. Physiological Reports, 6(12), Article e13697. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13697

Aging is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. As a result of aging, endothelial dysfunction develops, partly due to a reduction in vascular regenerative ability. CD31+ T-cells (angiogenic T-cells; TANG) possess highly angiogenic capa... Read More about Older men display elevated levels of senescence-associated exercise-responsive CD28null angiogenic T cells compared with younger men.

Exercise and Immunosenescence (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ingram, L. (2018, April). Exercise and Immunosenescence. Presented at UK Society for Exercise Immunology, Loughborough University

Physiological characteristics and performance in elite enduro mountain biking (2017)
Journal Article
Kirkwood, L., Ingram, L., Cunningham, J., Malone, E., & Florida-James, G. (2017). Physiological characteristics and performance in elite enduro mountain biking. Journal of Science and Cycling, 6(2), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.28985/171231.jsc.09

Enduro mountain bike racing is composed of several timed predominantly downhill race stages linked by time restricted, non-competitive transition stages. This study aimed to 1) detail and compare the laboratory assessed physiological characteristics... Read More about Physiological characteristics and performance in elite enduro mountain biking.

Lower Resting and Exercise-Induced Circulating Angiogenic Progenitors and Angiogenic T-Cells in Older Men (2017)
Journal Article
Ross, M. D., Malone, E. M., Simpson, R., Cranston, I., Ingram, L., Wright, G. P., Chambers, G., & Florida-James, G. D. (2018). Lower Resting and Exercise-Induced Circulating Angiogenic Progenitors and Angiogenic T-Cells in Older Men. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 314(3), 392-402. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00592.2017

Ageing is associated with a dysfunctional endothelial phenotype, as well as reduced angiogenic capabilities. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, possibly by increasing/maintaining the number and/or function of circulating... Read More about Lower Resting and Exercise-Induced Circulating Angiogenic Progenitors and Angiogenic T-Cells in Older Men.

A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males: Acute exercise mobilizes angiogenic T cells (2016)
Journal Article
Ross, M., Tormey, P., Ingram, L., Simpson, R., Malone, E., & Florida-James, G. (2016). A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males: Acute exercise mobilizes angiogenic T cells. Experimental Physiology, 101(10), 1253-1264. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep085771

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Are CD31+ angiogenic T (TANG) cells preferentially mobilized in response to acute exercise?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Our study reveals that TANG cells are redistributed i... Read More about A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males: Acute exercise mobilizes angiogenic T cells.

Sleep disruption and its effect on lymphocyte redeployment following an acute bout of exercise (2015)
Journal Article
Florida-James, G. D., Ingram, L. A., Simpson, R. J., Malone, E., & Florida-James, G. (2015). Sleep disruption and its effect on lymphocyte redeployment following an acute bout of exercise. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 47, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.018

Sleep disruption and deprivation are common in contemporary society and have been linked with poor health, decreased job performance and increased life-stress. The rapid redeployment of lymphocytes between the blood and tissues is an archetypal featu... Read More about Sleep disruption and its effect on lymphocyte redeployment following an acute bout of exercise.

Nanoparticles and Neutrophil Activation (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Dickson, C., Prach, M., Fraser, J., Ingram, L., Barlow, P., Hutchison, G., Proudfoot, L., & Malone, E. (2012, February). Nanoparticles and Neutrophil Activation. Presented at NanoImpactNet-QNANO conference - European Network on the Health and Environmental Impact of Nanomaterials, Dublin, Ireland

Neutrophils, the rapid responders of the innate immune system, are central to the initial immune responses of a host to foreign particles. Circulating in the blood, they are the predominant leukocyte (40-75%), and are positioned to rapidly migrate to... Read More about Nanoparticles and Neutrophil Activation.

Senescent T-lymphocytes are mobilised into the peripheral blood compartment in young and older humans after exhaustive exercise (2008)
Journal Article
Simpson, R. J., Cosgrove, C., Ingram, L. A., Florida-James, G. D., Whyte, G. P., Pircher, H., & Guy, K. (2008). Senescent T-lymphocytes are mobilised into the peripheral blood compartment in young and older humans after exhaustive exercise. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22(4), 544-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2007.11.002

Senescent T-lymphocytes are antigen-experienced cells that express the killer-cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) and/or CD57; fail to clonally expand following further antigenic stimulation and prevail in the resting blood of older adults compared... Read More about Senescent T-lymphocytes are mobilised into the peripheral blood compartment in young and older humans after exhaustive exercise.