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All Outputs (4)

Competition Law Damages Actions in Respect of Forex Rate Fixing Cartels: Where the Passing-on Defence Appears to Reach its Limits (2022)
Journal Article
Stirling, G. (2022). Competition Law Damages Actions in Respect of Forex Rate Fixing Cartels: Where the Passing-on Defence Appears to Reach its Limits. Global Competition Litigation Review, 15(3), 97-104

This article discusses the recent decision of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales in Allianz Global Investors GmbH v Barclays Bank Plc. Overturning a decision of the High Court, the Court of Appeal held that losses incurred by investment funds a... Read More about Competition Law Damages Actions in Respect of Forex Rate Fixing Cartels: Where the Passing-on Defence Appears to Reach its Limits.

COVID-19 Related State Aid for the Airline Sector: EU Courts Not Hesitant to Remove the Commission’s Stamp of Approval (2022)
Journal Article
Stirling, G. (2022). COVID-19 Related State Aid for the Airline Sector: EU Courts Not Hesitant to Remove the Commission’s Stamp of Approval. Air and space law, 47(2), 145-166. https://doi.org/10.54648/aila2022010

This article considers the significant amounts of State aid provided to European airlines in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, three recent challenges in the EU General Court to the Commission’s decision to approve specific State aid measures and th... Read More about COVID-19 Related State Aid for the Airline Sector: EU Courts Not Hesitant to Remove the Commission’s Stamp of Approval.

The elusive test for unfair excessive pricing under EU law: revisiting United Brands in the light of Competition and Markets Authority v Flynn Pharma Ltd (2020)
Journal Article
Stirling, G. (2020). The elusive test for unfair excessive pricing under EU law: revisiting United Brands in the light of Competition and Markets Authority v Flynn Pharma Ltd. European Competition Journal, 16(2-3), 368-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441056.2020.1771007

The European Commission has historically proved relatively reluctant to intervene in the area of excessive pricing. This is probably partly because the test outlined in United Brands v Commission remains unclear in various respects. In a recent decis... Read More about The elusive test for unfair excessive pricing under EU law: revisiting United Brands in the light of Competition and Markets Authority v Flynn Pharma Ltd.