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Diurnal increases in depths of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother‐calf pods off West Maui, Hawaiʻi: A response to vessels? (2022)
Journal Article
Pack, A. A., Waterman, J. O., & Craig, A. S. (2022). Diurnal increases in depths of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother‐calf pods off West Maui, Hawaiʻi: A response to vessels?. Marine Mammal Science, 38(4), 1340-1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12926

Studies of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) habitat use in their Hawaiian breeding grounds have revealed that mother-calf pairs favor shallow waters to avoid harassment from males. However, human activity in these same waters may exert an oppo... Read More about Diurnal increases in depths of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother‐calf pods off West Maui, Hawaiʻi: A response to vessels?.

Habitat preferences by individual humpback whale mothers in the Hawaiian breeding grounds vary with the age and size of their calves (2017)
Journal Article
Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M., Craig, A. S., Spitz, S. S., Waterman, J. O., Herman, E. Y., Deakos, M. H., Hakala, S., & Lowe, C. (2017). Habitat preferences by individual humpback whale mothers in the Hawaiian breeding grounds vary with the age and size of their calves. Animal Behaviour, 133, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.012

We investigated whether calf age and calf size influence habitat choice by humpback whale motherecalf pairs in their breeding grounds. During 1997e2008, we conducted focal follows of motherecalf pairs in Hawaiian waters. Tail-fluke identification pho... Read More about Habitat preferences by individual humpback whale mothers in the Hawaiian breeding grounds vary with the age and size of their calves.

An unexpected journey: Diurnal movement into deeper waters by humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother-calf pairs observed off Northwest Maui, Hawai’i (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Pack, A., Craig, A., & Waterman, J. (2017, October). An unexpected journey: Diurnal movement into deeper waters by humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother-calf pairs observed off Northwest Maui, Hawai’i. Poster presented at 22nd Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Recent studies of humpback whale habitat use in the Hawaiian breeding grounds have revealed that mother-calf pairs favor shallow waters to avoid harassment from male humpbacks. However, human activity in these same shallow waters may, in theory, exe... Read More about An unexpected journey: Diurnal movement into deeper waters by humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother-calf pairs observed off Northwest Maui, Hawai’i.

Use of shallow water habitats by maternal female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the breeding grounds decreases as length of residency and calf size increase. (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Waterman, J. O., Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M., Craig, A. S., Spitz, S. S., Herman, E. Y. K., Deakos, M. H., Hakala, S., & Lowe, C. (2015, December). Use of shallow water habitats by maternal female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the breeding grounds decreases as length of residency and calf size increase. Poster presented at 21st Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals

Habitat segregation by female humpback whales in Hawaiian waters: avoidance of males? (2013)
Journal Article
Craig, A. S., Herman, L. M., Pack, A. A., & Waterman, J. (2014). Habitat segregation by female humpback whales in Hawaiian waters: avoidance of males?. Behaviour, 151(5), 613-631. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003151

Humpback whales congregate annually in low-latitude winter breeding and calving grounds. While on these grounds, females with a dependent calf (‘maternal females’) are sometimes closely attended by one or more male escorts. Using data collected from... Read More about Habitat segregation by female humpback whales in Hawaiian waters: avoidance of males?.

Size-assortative pairing and discrimination of potential mates by humpback whales in the Hawaiian breeding grounds (2012)
Journal Article
Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M., Spitz, S. S., Craig, A. S., Hakala, S., Deakos, M. H., Herman, E. Y., Milette, A. J., Carroll, E., Levitt, S., & Lowe, C. (2012). Size-assortative pairing and discrimination of potential mates by humpback whales in the Hawaiian breeding grounds. Animal Behaviour, 84(4), 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.07.024

Assortative pairing, and its relation to mate choice, has rarely been documented in mammals. Using data collected from 1998-2007, we investigated size-assortative pairing as it relates to discrimination amongst potential mates in humpback whale (Mega... Read More about Size-assortative pairing and discrimination of potential mates by humpback whales in the Hawaiian breeding grounds.

Resightings of humpback whales in Hawaiian waters over spans of 10-32 years: Site fidelity, sex ratios, calving rates, female demographics, and the dynamics of social and behavioral roles of individuals (2010)
Journal Article
Herman, L. M., Pack, A. A., Rose, K., Craig, A., Herman, E. Y. K., Hakala, S., & Milette, A. (2011). Resightings of humpback whales in Hawaiian waters over spans of 10-32 years: Site fidelity, sex ratios, calving rates, female demographics, and the dynamics of social and behavioral roles of individuals. Marine Mammal Science, 27(4), 736-768. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00441.x

From a database of approximately 5,000 Hawaiian humpback whales identified photographically between 1976 and 2010, we extracted 71 males and 39 females having resighting spans of 10 or more years, from first to most recent sighting. Findings include... Read More about Resightings of humpback whales in Hawaiian waters over spans of 10-32 years: Site fidelity, sex ratios, calving rates, female demographics, and the dynamics of social and behavioral roles of individuals.

Migratory timing of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the central North Pacific varies with age, sex and reproductive status. (2003)
Journal Article
Craig, A. S., Herman, L. M., Gabriele, C. M., & Pack, A. A. (2003). Migratory timing of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the central North Pacific varies with age, sex and reproductive status. Behaviour, 140, 981-1000. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853903322589605

Humpback whales migrate seasonally between high-latitude summer feeding grounds and low-latitude winter breeding grounds. Identification photographs of humpback whales were collected in the Hawaiian Islands between 1977 and 1995, and sighting histori... Read More about Migratory timing of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the central North Pacific varies with age, sex and reproductive status..

Penis extrusions by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the Hawaiian winter grounds. (2002)
Journal Article
Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M., Craig, A. S., Spitz, S. S. & Deakos, M. H. (2001). Penis extrusions by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the Hawaiian winter grounds. Aquatic mammals. 28. . 131-146. . ISSN 0167-5427.

The annual winter assembly of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in tropical waters has been linked to reproductive activities, including birthing, calf-rearing, and mating. However, the sexual behaviour of this species remains largely undescri... Read More about Penis extrusions by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the Hawaiian winter grounds..

Male mate choice and male-male competition coexist in the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). (2002)
Journal Article
Craig, A. S., Herman, L. M., & Pack, A. A. (2002). Male mate choice and male-male competition coexist in the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80(4), 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-050

Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) outnumber females on the winter grounds and compete physically for proximity to females. Analyses of identification photographs collected in Hawai¢i from 1976 through
1995 and scan samples collected in 1... Read More about Male mate choice and male-male competition coexist in the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)..

Estimating the mortality rate of humpback whale calves in the central North Pacific ocean. (2001)
Journal Article
Gabriele, C. M., Straley, J. M., Mizroch, S. A., Baker, C. S., Craig, A. S., Herman, L. M., …Jacobsen, J. K. (2001). Estimating the mortality rate of humpback whale calves in the central North Pacific ocean. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-4-589

Sighting histories of individually identified female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in their winter and summer ranges were used to investigate mortality of North Pacific humpback whale calves. We compiled records collected between 1979 and... Read More about Estimating the mortality rate of humpback whale calves in the central North Pacific ocean..