Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

All Outputs (21)

Hardwood Strength Grading - Considerations for Density and Compression Strength (2025)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2025, June). Hardwood Strength Grading - Considerations for Density and Compression Strength. Presented at 14th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE 2025), Brisbane, Australia

It can be a challenge to achieve effective sorting of temperate hardwoods for density when using visual strength grading rules and some types of machine grading. Different solutions have been proposed, including using a single conservative density ac... Read More about Hardwood Strength Grading - Considerations for Density and Compression Strength.

Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction (2024)
Report
Hairstans, R., Ridley Ellis, D., Cramer, M., Plowas, W., Hart, S., Rogers, L., Connell-Skinner, K., & Seminara, P. (2024). Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction. Forest Industries Ireland

This report prepared on behalf of the Timber in Construction Steering Group and Forest Industries Ireland and authored by Built Environment – Smarter Transformation (BE-ST) and Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), emphasises the critical role of increa... Read More about Global Policies Influencing the Greater Adoption of Timber in Construction.

Hardwoods in the United Kingdom Considerations When Looking to Future Planting and Future Value Chains (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Ridley-Ellis, D., & Cramer, M. (2024, September). Hardwoods in the United Kingdom Considerations When Looking to Future Planting and Future Value Chains. Presented at International Scientific Conference on Hardwood Processing, Coimbra, Portugal

Reasons for increasing the diversity of the tree species providing wood for the value chain include: improving forest resilience to climate change; mitigating the risks of pests and pathogens; and improving other important functions of forests such a... Read More about Hardwoods in the United Kingdom Considerations When Looking to Future Planting and Future Value Chains.

Local resources inform design mid-point results from the Building from England's Woodlands project (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Tamagnone, G., Charleson, F., Cramer, M., Seminara, P., Plowas, W., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Hairstans, R. (2024, August). Local resources inform design mid-point results from the Building from England's Woodlands project. Presented at International SEEDS Conference 2024, Leeds Beckett University, UK

Considering the energy consumption and carbon equivalent emission of the construction industry, a massive shift towards more sustainable and less carbon intensive materials and building techniques is desirable. In this regard, wood and timber product... Read More about Local resources inform design mid-point results from the Building from England's Woodlands project.

Predicting Compression Strength perpendicular to Grain in Hardwoods (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M. (2024, June). Predicting Compression Strength perpendicular to Grain in Hardwoods. Poster presented at 67th SWST International Convention, Portorož, Slovenia

The share of broadleaved forest in European is growing, but most of the harvested hardwood is burned for energy production. Long-lasting uses, such as building construction, could offer benefits regarding carbon-storage and efficient, circular materi... Read More about Predicting Compression Strength perpendicular to Grain in Hardwoods.

Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M. (2024, May). Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method. Presented at 11th Hardwood Conference, Sopron, Hungary

Compression strength perpendicular to grain is an important timber property that governs the bearing strength of beams and might influence connection design. According to modern standards, the design value for compression strength is determined accor... Read More about Compression strength perpendicular to grain in hardwoods depending on test method.

Timber (2024)
Book Chapter
Cramer, M., & Tamagnone, G. (2024). Timber. In H. Hartman, & J. Jack Williams (Eds.), Materials: An environmental primer (230-253). RIBA

The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M. (2023, November). The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods. Presented at ICWSE 2023, Brașov, Romania

Recent research in Europe is bringing a wider range of wood species to the construction market as structural timber and glue laminated products. This option would also open markets for currently underused UK species, foremost hardwoods, but testing e... Read More about The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods.

Strength grading options for unusual resources (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2023, October). Strength grading options for unusual resources. Paper presented at WSE: 19th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, Oslo, Norway

Transforming Timber (2023)
Digital Artefact
Hairstans, R., Plowas, W., Livingstone, A., Connell-Skinner, K., Cramer, M., Ridley-Ellis, D., & Seminara, P. Transforming Timber. [Website content]

The construction materials used since the industrial revolution now dominate the sector. This is one of the leading causes of our current climate crisis. We need alternative solutions.

Transforming Timber is collaborative knowledge hub promoting... Read More about Transforming Timber.

How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887 (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Sandin, Y., Cramer, M., & Sandberg, K. (2023, June). How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887. Presented at World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), Oslo

There is a need for a shift towards circular economy in the building and construction sector. Design for deconstruction and reuse (DfDR) and design for adaptability (DfA) have been suggested as means to facilitate reuse of buildings and diminish wast... Read More about How timber buildings can be designed for deconstruction and reuse in accordance with ISO 20887.

Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2022, September). Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality. Paper presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 2022, Goettingen, Germany

UK-grown timber is often perceived to have “low quality”, and most of the UK’s sawn timber is used for fencing and packaging material. Much of the resource could be used as construction timber, as UK spruce and other softwoods can be strength graded... Read More about Can you guess the strength of timber? How (your) wood quality perceptions relate to reality.

Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies (2022)
Report
Sandin, Y., Shotton, E., Cramer, M., Sandberg, K., Walsh, S. J., González-Alegre, V., Östling, J., Cristescu, C., Íñiguez-González, G., Llana, D. F., Carlsson, A., Uí Chúláin, C., Jackson, N., García Barbero, M., & Zabala Mejia, A. (2022). Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies. ForestValue

There is a need for a shift towards circular economy in the construction sector and design philosophies as Design for Deconstruction and Reuse (DfDR) and Design for Adaptability (DfA) are being developed as means to design out waste and enhance resou... Read More about Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies.

More than the sum of their parts - How UK Timber Houses can be Deconstructed and Reused (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Sandin, Y. (2021, October). More than the sum of their parts - How UK Timber Houses can be Deconstructed and Reused. Presented at Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, Kaunas, Lithuania

The InFutUReWood project (infuturewood.info) focuses on the reuse of structural timber and is working on improving the design of buildings to facilitate deconstruction and reuse. For this purpose, we conducted five case studies in four of the partner... Read More about More than the sum of their parts - How UK Timber Houses can be Deconstructed and Reused.

A case study of timber demolition recycling in the UK (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2020, December). A case study of timber demolition recycling in the UK. Presented at Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering – WSE2020, Online (Helsinki)

InFutURe Wood Report 1: Design for deconstruction and reuse of timber structures – state of the art review (2020)
Report
Cristescu, C., Honfi, D., Sandberg, K., Sandin, Y., Shotton, E., Walsh, S., Cramer, M., Ridley-Ellis, D., Risse, M., Ivanica, R., Ui Chulain, C., Harte, A., De Arana-Fernandez, M., Llana, D., Iniguez-Gonzalez, G., Garcia Barbero, M., Nasiri, B., Hughes, M., & Krofl, Z. (2020). InFutURe Wood Report 1: Design for deconstruction and reuse of timber structures – state of the art review. ForestValue

This report represents the first publication of the InFutURe Wood project - Innovative Design for the Future – Use and Reuse of Wood (Building) Components.
InFutUReWood is supported under the umbrella of ERA-NET and financed by funding agencies from... Read More about InFutURe Wood Report 1: Design for deconstruction and reuse of timber structures – state of the art review.

A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cramer, M., & Ridley-Ellis, D. (2020, September). A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK. Paper presented at Timber 2020, Online

The secondary timber value chain was explored by interviewing companies involved in wood recycling. The interviewees include community wood recyclers, chip producers and board-making companies. This paper is a perspective of the wood recycling indust... Read More about A Shed Resource: A look at Wood Recycling in the UK.