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Student and Staff Perceptions of the Use of Multiple Choice Testing in Higher Education Assessments (2017)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I., & Brodie, J. (2017). Student and Staff Perceptions of the Use of Multiple Choice Testing in Higher Education Assessments. International Journal of Education and Culture, 6(2), 17-26

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are commonly used in higher education assessments and their use has increased alongside the availability of information and computer technology (ICT). MCQs are often considered an option to help deal with increasing n... Read More about Student and Staff Perceptions of the Use of Multiple Choice Testing in Higher Education Assessments.

The development of an e-Toolkit for direct entry students to aid transition into Higher Education: the dissertation maze. (2015)
Conference Proceeding
Brodie, J., Penny, K. I., Windram, B., & McCallum, L. (2015). The development of an e-Toolkit for direct entry students to aid transition into Higher Education: the dissertation maze.

Our research project has been focused on understanding the barriers and enablers of direct entry (DE) students to Edinburgh Napier University as they embark on the Undergraduate Dissertation. DE students often find embarking on a dissertation a daunt... Read More about The development of an e-Toolkit for direct entry students to aid transition into Higher Education: the dissertation maze..

Student and staff perceptions of the use of multiple choice testing in higher education assessments. (2014)
Conference Proceeding
Penny, K. I., & Brodie, J. (2014). Student and staff perceptions of the use of multiple choice testing in higher education assessments. In E-Learning at work and the workplace: EDEN 2014 Annual Conference, 23

Introduction Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are commonly used in higher education assessments and their use has increased alongside the availability of information and computer technology. Online MCQ testing is often considered an option to help d... Read More about Student and staff perceptions of the use of multiple choice testing in higher education assessments..

Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units (2013)
Journal Article
Holland, A., Smith, F., Penny, K. I., McCrossan, G., Veitch, L., & Nicholson, C. (2013). Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008863.pub2

Background Nebulizers and metered dose inhalers (MDI) have both been adapted for delivering aerosol bronchodilation to mechanically ventilated patients, but there is incomplete knowledge as to the most effective method of delivery. Objectives To... Read More about Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units.

Estimating Scottish student retention rates using propensity score matching (2013)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I., Morton, I. D., Ashraf, M. Z., & Duffy, J. C. (2013). Estimating Scottish student retention rates using propensity score matching. Leadership and policy quarterly, 2,

The performance of institutions such as universities and colleges is of increasing interest to funders, policy makers, potential students and the establishments themselves who require accurate estimates of outcomes such as retention rates across the... Read More about Estimating Scottish student retention rates using propensity score matching.

Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanicla ventilation in critical care units. (2013)
Presentation / Conference
Holland, A., Smith, F. C., Veitch, L., McCrossan, G., Nicolson, C., & Penny, K. I. (2013, March). Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanicla ventilation in critical care units. Paper presented at RCN International Research Conference, Belfast

The Impact of repeated lying on survey results (2013)
Journal Article
Chesney, T., & Penny, K. I. (2013). The Impact of repeated lying on survey results. SAGE Open, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244012472345

We study the effects on results of participants completing a survey more than once, a phenomenon known as farming. Using data from a real social science study as a baseline, three strategies that participants might use to farm are studied by Monte Ca... Read More about The Impact of repeated lying on survey results.

Knowledge management and e-learning in higher education: a research study based on students’ perceptions (2012)
Journal Article
Dukic, D., Dukic, G., & Penny, K. I. (2012). Knowledge management and e-learning in higher education: a research study based on students’ perceptions. International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, 8, 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKL.2012.051679

In order to achieve economic and social progress, it is particularly important to incorporate knowledge management into the education system. E-learning as a knowledge transfer tool is closely connected to knowledge management. This article examined... Read More about Knowledge management and e-learning in higher education: a research study based on students’ perceptions.

Record linkage in Scotland and its application to health research (2012)
Journal Article
Fleming, M., Kirby, B., & Penny, K. I. (2012). Record linkage in Scotland and its application to health research. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 2711-2721. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.04021.x

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:   This paper will focus on the key concepts behind record linkage and describe how probability matching of Scottish health records can be used for national health research. BACKGROUND:   Record linkage can bring togeth... Read More about Record linkage in Scotland and its application to health research.

Carbon dioxide detection for testing nasogastric tube placement in adults (2012)
Journal Article
Holland, A., Smith, F. C., & Penny, K. I. (2012). Carbon dioxide detection for testing nasogastric tube placement in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010773

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of capnometry and capnography for detecting correct NGT placement in adults compared to the reference standard

E-learning participation in Higher Education: a study of Scottish and Croatian students (2012)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I., & Dukic, D. (2012). E-learning participation in Higher Education: a study of Scottish and Croatian students. Information Technology Interfaces, 231-236. https://doi.org/10.2498/iti.2012.0357

E-learning is becoming increasingly important in higher education. Information was gathered on students’ usage of e-learning activities in Scotland and in Croatia. An exploratory factor analysis reveals four underlying factors which may be used to cl... Read More about E-learning participation in Higher Education: a study of Scottish and Croatian students.

The use of data mining to identify indicators of health-related quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2012)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I., & Smith, G. D. (2012). The use of data mining to identify indicators of health-related quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 2761-2771. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03897.x

Aim.  To examine the health-related quality of life in a cohort of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome and to explore the use of several data-mining methods to identify which socio-demographic and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms are most high... Read More about The use of data mining to identify indicators of health-related quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Approaches for dealing with missing data in health care studies (2012)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I., & Atkinson, I. (2012). Approaches for dealing with missing data in health care studies. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 2722-2729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03854.x

Aim.  The aims of this study were to highlight the problems associated with missing data in healthcare research and to demonstrate the use of several techniques for dealing with missing values, through the use of an illustrative example. Background. ... Read More about Approaches for dealing with missing data in health care studies.

Online video in clinical skills education of oral medication administration for undergraduate student nurses: A mixed methods, prospective cohort study (2012)
Journal Article
Holland, A., Smith, F. C., McCrossan, G., Adamson, E., Watt, S., & Penny, K. I. (2013). Online video in clinical skills education of oral medication administration for undergraduate student nurses: A mixed methods, prospective cohort study. Nurse Education Today, 33(6), 663-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.01.006

Background Improvements in the safety of the prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines are identified as a priority across international healthcare systems. It is therefore essential that higher education institutions play their part i... Read More about Online video in clinical skills education of oral medication administration for undergraduate student nurses: A mixed methods, prospective cohort study.

Analysis of Croatian and Scottish students’ attitudes towards E-learning. (2011)
Conference Proceeding
Dukic, D., & Penny, K. I. (2010). Analysis of Croatian and Scottish students’ attitudes towards E-learning. In Proceedings of the ITI 2011 33rd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces (ITI),, 257-262

During the last decade e-learning has become a widely accepted and commonly used educational tool. The main aim of our paper was to compare students’ attitudes towards e-learning in Croatia and Scotland, and also to identify two relatively homog... Read More about Analysis of Croatian and Scottish students’ attitudes towards E-learning..

Factors that influence student e-learning participation in a UK Higher Education institution. (2011)
Journal Article
Penny, K. I. (2011). Factors that influence student e-learning participation in a UK Higher Education institution. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 7, 81-95

E-learning involves the use of information and communication technologies to deliver teaching and learning and is becoming increasingly important in the delivery of higher education. An online questionnaire survey was designed to gather information o... Read More about Factors that influence student e-learning participation in a UK Higher Education institution..

Knowledge management: Information and communication technologies usage in Scottish and Croatian students. (2010)
Conference Proceeding
Penny, K. I., Dukic, G., & Dukic, D. (2009). Knowledge management: Information and communication technologies usage in Scottish and Croatian students. In 2010 32nd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces (ITI),, 385-390

The aim of this research study was to explore students' use of ICT in higher education in Scotland and Croatia. A questionnaire survey to gather information was administered at two universities. The sample comprises 450 students at Edinburgh Napier U... Read More about Knowledge management: Information and communication technologies usage in Scottish and Croatian students..

Health-related quality of life and symptom classification in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2010)
Journal Article
Smith, G. D., Steinke, D. T., Penny, K. I., Kinnear, M., & Penman, I. (2010). Health-related quality of life and symptom classification in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness, 2, 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-9824.2010.01044.x

Background.  Previous research has established that health-related quality of life can be adversely affected by irritable bowel syndrome IBS. Irritable bowel syndrome has been classified to subgroups by predominant bowel symptom: constipation, diarrh... Read More about Health-related quality of life and symptom classification in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.